The campaign began well for Louis XIV's generals: in Italy Marshal Vendôme had defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Calcinato in April, while in Alsace Marshal Villars had forced the Margrave of Baden back across the Rhine.

On his deathbed Charles II had bequeathed the entire Spanish inheritance to Louis XIV's grandson, Philip, Duke of Anjou.

* In 1689, Jean Baptiste Racine wrote Esther, a tragedy, at the request of Louis XIV's wife, Françoise d ' Aubigné, marquise de Maintenon.

However, Louis XIV's long reign saw France involved in many wars that drained its treasury.

With the Dutch Republic they formed the Triple Alliance to check Louis XIV's expansion.

The Italian paintings compose most of the remnants of Francis I and Louis XIV's collections, others are unreturned artwork from the Napoleon era, and some were bought.

Landau was later occupied by the French from 1680 to 1815, when it was one of the Décapole, the ten free cities of Alsace, and received its modern fortifications by Louis XIV's military architect Vauban in 1688 – 99, making the little city ( population in 1789 was still only approximately 5, 000 ) one of Europe's strongest citadels.

Although edicts from King Louis XIV's court regularly came to the islands to suppress the Protestant " heretics ", these were mostly ignored by island authorities until Louis XIV's Edict of Revocation in 1685.

Lully's motets also continued the Renaissance tradition of semi-secular Latin motets in works such as Plaude Laetare Gallia, written to celebrate the baptism of King Louis XIV's son ; its text by Pierre Perrin begins:

Philip quickly revived Spanish ambition ; taking advantage of the power vacuum caused by Louis XIV's death in 1715, Philip announced he would claim the French crown if the infant Louis XV died and attempted to reclaim Spanish territory in Italy, precipitating the War of the Quadruple Alliance in 1717.

When the French court first learned of the will, despite the paper victory for the Bourbons, Louis XIV's advisors argued that it was safer to accept the terms of the Second Partition Treaty than to risk war by claiming the whole Spanish inheritance.

In 1708, Marlborough's army clashed with the French, who were beset by leadership problems: their commanders, the Duke of Burgundy ( Louis XIV's grandson ) and the duc de Vendôme were frequently at variance, the former often making unwise military decisions.

An exotic but in some ways more formal type of Rococo appeared in France where Louis XIV's succession brought a change in the court artists and general artistic fashion.

" The Italians were expelled from France in 1697 for satirizing King Louis XIV's second wife, Madame de Maintenon, but returned in 1716 ( after his death ), when Tommaso Antonio Vicentini (" Thomassin ", 1682 – 1739 ) became famous in the part.

The 13th century Palace of the Kings of Majorca sits on the high citadel, surrounded by ramparts, reinforced for Louis XI and Charles V, which were updated in the 17th century by Louis XIV's military engineer Vauban.

Initially, the regency was held by Philip, Duke of Orléans, Louis XIV's nephew, as nearest adult male to the throne.

This Regency period was seen as one of debauchery and loose morals following the austere nature of the latter years of Louis XIV's reign, which had seen a series of cripplingly expensive wars and the King's turn to religiosity.

Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert served as a member of Louis XIV's local administration of Paris, and wrote pamphlets and booklets on subjects related to his work ; taxation, grain trade, and money.

Long after the personal table fork had become commonplace in France, at the supper celebrating the marriage of the duc de Chartres to Louis XIV's natural daughter in 1692, the seating was described in the court memoirs of Saint-Simon: " King James having his Queen on his right hand and the King on his left, and each with their cadenas.

It was in 1689, shortly after Louis XIV's court had moved permanently to Versailles, that the palace's antiquated state was addressed.

* 1624 – The president of Louis XIII of France's royal council is arrested, leaving Cardinal Richelieu in the role of the King's principal minister.

* Louis Botha, first prime minister of South Africa ( 1910 – 19 ) and former Boer general

Charles Xavier Joseph de Franque Ville d ' Abancour ( 4 July 1758 – 9 September 1792 ) was a French statesman, minister to Louis XVI.

He was Louis XVI's last minister of war ( July 1792 ), and organised the defence of the Tuileries Palace during the 10th of August attack.

British relations with France had scarcely improved since 1815. As prime minister, the Earl of Aberdeen was one of these officials, who feared France and Louis Bonaparte.

** Louis XIII the Just and his minister Cardinal Richelieu, 1610 – 1643

** Louis XIV the Sun King and his minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert, 1643 – 1715

** Louis XV the Beloved and his minister Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, 1715 – 1774

Louis XIV, known as the " Sun King ", reigned over France from 1643 until 1715 although his strongest period of personal rule did not begin until 1661 after the death of his Italian chief minister Cardinal Mazarin.

The rejection, ostensibly attributed in large part to Van Buren's instructions to Louis McLane, the American minister to Britain, regarding the opening of the West Indies trade, in which reference had been made to the results of the election of 1828, was the work of Calhoun, the vice-president.

Louis X first proved himself at Temple No. 7 in Harlem, where he emerged as the protege of Malcolm X. Louis X was appointed head minister of Boston Temple No. 11, which Malcolm X had established earlier.

King Louis XV of France's ( 1715 – 74 ) minister, the duc de Choiseul, had former experience of Rome as French ambassador, and was Europe's most skilled diplomat.

This small château was the site of one of the historical events that took place during the reign of Louis XIII, on 10 November 1630, when, on the Day of the Dupes, the party of the queen mother was defeated and Richelieu was confirmed as prime minister.

External Affairs minister Louis St. Laurent dealt decisively with this crisis, the first of its type in Canada's history.

Louis XIV was forced to negotiate ; he sent his foreign minister, the Marquis de Torcy, to meet the allied commanders at The Hague.

* August 12 – Cardinal Richelieu is appointed by Louis XIII of France to be his first minister.

* January 29 – Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, chief minister of France under Louis XV ( b. 1653 )

* November 15 – Louis Stephen St. Laurent becomes Canada's 12th prime minister.

* November 2 – Baron de Breteuil, prime minister of King Louis XVI of France ( b. 1730 )

* Maximilien de Béthune, duc de Sully of France ( 1560 – 1641 ), Favourite and minister under Henry IV and Louis XIII

* November – Simon Arnauld de Pomponne, French diplomat and minister of Louis XIV ( d. 1699 )

* October 9 – King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister Louis Barthou are assassinated during the king's state visit in Marseilles.

" Still, though all Canadian nationals were as equally British subjects as their British counterparts prior to the implementation of the Canadian Citizenship Act in 1947, the idea of Canadian-born persons being appointed governor general was raised as early as 1919, when, at the Paris Peace Conference, Canadian prime minister Robert Borden consulted with Prime Minister of South Africa Louis Botha and the two agreed that the viceregal appointees should be long-term residents of their respective dominions.

* June 26 – Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, chief minister of France under Louis XV of France ( d. 1743 )