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Low-voltage digital circuits, especially CMOS transistors, became more susceptible to ESD damage as they were miniaturised, and a new ESD regulatory regime had to be developed.
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Low-voltage and digital
Low-voltage differential signaling, or LVDS, is an electrical digital signaling standard that can run at very high speeds over inexpensive twisted-pair copper cables.
Low-voltage and CMOS
* Peluso, Vincenzo ; Steyaert, Michiel ; Sansen, Willy M. C. Design of Low-voltage Low-power CMOS Delta-Sigma A / D Converters, Springer, 1999 ISBN 0-7923-8417-2.
Low-voltage and be
Low-voltage DC distribution continued to be used in high-density downtown areas for many years but was eventually replaced by AC low-voltage network distribution in many of them.
Low-voltage MOSFETs are also limited by the parasitic resistance of the packages, as their intrinsic on-state resistance can be as low as one or two milliohms.
Low-voltage and .
) Low-voltage mode of modern microscopes makes possible observation of non-conductive specimens without coating.
Low-voltage SEM is typically conducted in an FEG-SEM because the FEG is capable of producing high primary electron brightness even at low accelerating potentials.
* Low-voltage TTL ( LVTTL ) for 3. 3-volt power supplies and memory interfacing.
Low-voltage electrical currents applied through seawater crystallize dissolved minerals onto steel structures.
* Low-voltage devices operating down to 1. 8 V ( to 0. 7 V for parts with built-in DC – DC upconverter )
Low-voltage activated calcium ion conductance enhances even larger EPSPs.
Low-voltage ( hundreds volts ) rectifiers use saturated mercury vapor in combination with a small amount of inert gas, allowing cold start of the tubes.
2. 0: Low-voltage electrical installations-Part 5-56: Selection and erection of electrical equipment-Safety services
Low-voltage differential signaling or LVDS, on the other hand, is a specific system defined by a TIA / EIA standard.
* Australian Standard AS 2756. 1997: Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear-Mounting rails for mechanical support of electrical equipment.
The Synchronization Clock Interface routes MLVDS ( Multipoint Low-voltage differential signaling ) clock signals over multiple 130 Ω buses.
digital and circuits
Analog circuits do not involve quantisation of information into digital format.
This permits signal processing using digital circuits such as microprocessors and computers.
" At first only very basic non-specialized digital circuits such as NOR gates were miniaturized into ICs.
As early as 1886 he saw that logical operations could be carried out by electrical switching circuits ; the same idea as was used decades later to produce digital computers.
The term " memory " is often ( but not always ) associated with addressable semiconductor memory, i. e. integrated circuits consisting of silicon-based transistors, used for example as primary memory but also other purposes in computers and other digital electronic devices.
Electrical circuits, digital signal processors and microcontrollers can all be used to implement Control systems.
Usually, counter circuits are digital in nature, and count in natural binary.
Many types of counter circuits are available as digital building blocks, for example a number of chips in the 4000 series implement different counters.
Integrated circuits ( of the analogue and digital type ) gradually took over all of the functions that the Compactron was designed for.
To implement such controllers electrical engineers may use electrical circuits, digital signal processors, microcontrollers and PLCs ( Programmable Logic Controllers ).
Analog circuits use a continuous range of voltage as opposed to discrete levels as in digital circuits.
Sometimes it may be difficult to differentiate between analog and digital circuits as they have elements of both linear and non-linear operation.
Digital circuits are the most common physical representation of Boolean algebra, and are the basis of all digital computers.
To most engineers, the terms " digital circuit ", " digital system " and " logic " are interchangeable in the context of digital circuits.
Most digital circuits use a binary system with two voltage levels labeled " 0 " and " 1 ".
Computers, electronic clocks, and programmable logic controllers ( used to control industrial processes ) are constructed of digital circuits.
Class-D amplifiers can be controlled by either analog or digital circuits.
These can be implemented as analog circuits ( for instance, using a Sallen Key filter topology, a type of active filter ), or as algorithms in digital signal processing systems.
They are designed to operate over 64 kbit / s digital ISDN circuits.
The CMOS ( complementary metal oxide semiconductor ) process technology is the basis for modern digital integrated circuits.
The power circuits power electrical or self-contained electrohydraulic actuators that are controlled by the digital flight control computers.
By defeating the tyranny of numbers, integrated circuits made high-speed and low-cost digital computers a widespread commodity.
digital and especially
* Canon and Nikon in high end imaging optics, film and digital cameras ( especially in DSLRs )
It is most commonly used in computing and electronics, especially where real-world information is converted to binary numeric form as in digital audio and digital photography.
The file sizes of digital video used for professional editing are generally not practical for these purposes, and the video requires further compression with codecs such as Sorenson, H264 and more recently AppleProRes especially for HD.
The new systems were called AMS for Auditorium Management Systems and were the first digital cinema servers designed to be user friendly and operate reliably in a computer-hostile environment such as a projection booth, especially some union booths.
Spending for nurturing children for literacy before age 6 will be a large market and will have the most impact in improving the quality of life, especially those children who reside on the wrong side of the digital divide.
Overall, China's telecommunications services improved enormously during the 1980s, and, the pace of telecommunications growth and technology upgrading increased even more rapidly after 1990, especially as fiber-optics systems and digital technology were installed.
QRP is especially popular with CW operators and those using the newer digital modes.
In contemporary digital video games, the player can be a vicarious spy, as in the Metal Gear, especially in the series ' third installment, Metal Gear Solid, unlike the games of the Third-Person Shooter genre, Syphon Filter, and Splinter Cell.
This is especially common with low-power TV stations, and now even more so for the ones that are using this income to make the forced conversion to digital, which in turn provides them with several extra channels to transmit different program sources on.
Regulatory authorities are squeezing band allocations closer and closer together, relying on increasingly sophisticated EMC control methods, especially in the digital communications arena, to keep cross-channel interference to acceptable levels.
Spread-spectrum clock generation ( SSCG ) is used in some synchronous digital systems, especially those containing microprocessors, to reduce the spectral density of the electromagnetic interference ( EMI ) that these systems generate.
Less craftsmanship is required to make a digital watch face and most collectors find that analog dials ( especially with complications ) vary in quality more than digital dials due to the details and finishing of the parts that make up the dial ( thus making the differences between a cheap and expensive watch more evident ).
Electronica took benefit from advancements in music technology, especially electronic musical instruments, synthesizers, music sequencers, drum machines, and digital audio workstations.
When animating in a digital context, especially with Adobe Flash, the shortened term tweening is commonly used.
The first single, " Who's Ur Daddy " featuring the new artist E-money, has been released online, and a music video especially formatted for iPods, cell phones, and other digital devices has been released on YouTube .< ref >
e-text ( from " electronic text "; sometimes written as etext ) is a general term for any document that is read in digital form, but especially a document that is mainly text.
** an early term for the central processing unit of a digital computer, especially in early British machines ; the term is still occasionally used to refer to the CPU resources consumed by a program
IMAX recently has been moving forward with digital projection with recent success with The Hunger Games and The Avengers and the format has also aided in the company's worldwide growth, especially in Russia and China.
Often, medium format film cameras can be retrofitted with digital camera backs, converting them to digital cameras, but some of these digital backs, especially early models, use sensors smaller than a 35 mm film frame.
While they may or may not term themselves " conceptual artists ", ideas such as anti-commodification, social and / or political critique, and ideas / information as medium continue to be aspects of contemporary art, especially among artists working with installation art, performance art, net. art and electronic / digital art.
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