I was curious about the impact of this political assassination on Negroes in Harlem, for Lumumba had -- has -- captured the popular imagination there.

( However, there is little evidence that the late Lumumba was a Communist.

Lumumba was beaten, placed in front of a firing squad with 2 other allies, cut up, buried, dug up and what remained was dissolved in acid.

In Stanleyville, those loyal to the deposed Lumumba set up a rival government under Antoine Gizenga which lasted from 31 March 1961 until it was reintegrated on 5 August 1961.

It was also, arguably, in the first steps of the Congo into independence, the underlying cause of the crisis between Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba and President Joseph Kasa Vubu, who ultimately dismissed each other, in 1960.

The first UN troops arrived the next day but there was instant disagreement between Lumumba and the UN over the new force's mandate.

After a week's deadlock, Mobutu announced on September 14 that he was assuming power until December 31, 1960, in order to " neutralize " both Kasavubu and Lumumba.

Patrice Émery Lumumba ( 2 July 1925 – 17 January 1961 ) was a Congolese independence leader and the first legally elected Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo after he helped win its independence from Belgium in June 1960.

Lumumba was born in Onalua in the Katakokombe region of the Kasai province of the Belgian Congo, a member of the Tetela ethnic group.

His two-year sentence was commuted to twelve months after it was confirmed by Belgian lawyer Jules Chrome that Lumumba had returned the funds, and he was released in July 1956.

In late October 1959, Lumumba, as leader of the MNC, was arrested for allegedly inciting an anti-colonial riot in Stanleyville where thirty people were killed ; he was sentenced to six months in prison.

" Lumumba responded by reminding the audience that the independence of the Congo was not granted magnanimously by Belgium:

Lumumba was later harshly criticised for what many in the Western world — but virtually none in Africa — described as the inappropriate nature of his speech.

Lumumba was placed under house arrest at the prime minister's residence, although UN troops were positioned around the house to protect him.

The UN Security Council was called into session on 7 December 1960 to consider Soviet demands that the UN seek Lumumba's immediate release, the immediate restoration of Lumumba as head of the Congo government, the disarming of the forces of Mobutu, and the immediate evacuation of Belgians from the Congo.

With CIA and Belgian presence, Lumumba was sent first on 3 December, to Thysville military barracks Camp Hardy, 150 km ( about 100 miles ) from Leopoldville.

Eventually, it was arranged that Lumumba should be transferred to his mortal enemies in breakaway Katanga Province, who had previously threatened to eat him ( and they eventually did eat six other nationalist leaders, shortly after the death of Lumumba ).

On 17 January 1961 Lumumba was flown to Elizabethville ( now Lubumbashi ) bound, with tape across his eyes, ears and mouth, and receiving regular beatings.

Later that night, Lumumba was driven to an isolated spot where three firing squads had been assembled.

No statement was released until three weeks later despite rumours that Lumumba was dead.

The committee later found that while the CIA had conspired to kill Lumumba, it was not directly involved in the actual murder.

* The Peoples ' Friendship University of the USSR was renamed " Patrice Lumumba Peoples ' Friendship University " in 1961, but it was later renamed " The Peoples ' Friendship University of Russia " in the post-Soviet landscape in 1992.

Abbas later entered graduate studies at the Patrice Lumumba University in Moscow, where he earned a Candidate of Sciences degree ( the Soviet equivalent of a PhD ).

The stalemate was ended when Lumumba's aide and partisan, Colonel Joseph Mobutu arrested Lumumba, who was later ( after an attempt to flee was cut shot ) transported to Katanga and killed there under dubious circumstances.

It later split into two, MNC-L led by Lumumba and the MNC-K led by Albert Kalonji in Kasai.

* The release of a report by the U. S. Senate Intelligence Committee confirmed that the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency had tried twice to assassinate Cuban dictator Fidel Castro, and once to poison Congo Premier Patrice Lumumba, and that it had supplied aid to insurgents who later assassinated South Vietnam's President Ngo Dinh Diem and Dominican Republic dictator Rafael Trujillo.

" Lumumba had been killed later by political rivals in the Congo.

From the day of the arguably ill-prepared independence of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the tensions between the powerful leaders of the political elite, such as Joseph Kasa Vubu, Patrice Lumumba, Moise Tshombe, Joseph Mobutu and others, jeopardize the political stability of the new state.

* June 22 – Moise Tshombe is released for lack of evidence of connection to the murder of Patrice Lumumba.

From Tshombe's secession of the Katanga, to the assassination of Lumumba, to the two coups d ' état of Mobutu, the country has known periods of true nationwide peace, but virtually no period of genuine democratic rule.

In early January 1961, ANC units loyal to Lumumba invaded northern Katanga to support a revolt of Baluba tribesmen against Tshombe's secessionist regime.

) Lumumba further complicated the U.N.'s mission by initiating small `` wars '' with the secessionist province of Katanga and with South Kasai which, under Albert Kalonji, wanted to secede as well.

The new republic was immediately disrupted by political and military strife and regional secessionist movements, while the central government was paralyzed by conflict between the conservative Kasa-Vubu and his nationalistic prime minister Patrice Lumumba.

Advisor to Patrice-Emery Lumumba of the Mouvement National Congolais ( MNC ), Tshisekedi left the MNC to follow Albert Kalonji on his secessionist adventure in Kasai, acting as Minister of Justice in the newly autonomous State of Kasai.

During the First Republic era, France tended to side with the conservative and federalist forces, as opposed to unitarists such as Lumumba.

The Congolese Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba and his successor Cyrille Adoula requested intervention from United Nations forces, which they never received.

Kabila himself had credibility because he had been a longtime political opponent of Mobutu, and had been a follower of Patrice Lumumba, the first Prime Minister of the independent Congo who was murdered by a combination of internal and external forces, to be replaced by the then-Lt. Gen. Mobutu in 1965.

On September 12, forces loyal to the Chief of Staff of the Army, Joseph Mobutu, placed Lumumba under house arrest at the prime minister's residence, however he was soon released by Congolese troops loyal to him.

Following the dismissal of Lumumba, his Vice Prime Minister Antoine Gizenga set up a rival government in the eastern city of Stanleyville with the help of pro-Lumumba forces.

Following talks with Prime Minister Cyrille Adoula, Gizenga agreed to join the central government under the understanding that it would follow the policies of Lumumba, however relations broke down and on January 14, 1962 ANC forces defeated the Stanleyville gendarmerie and arrested Gizenga.

In response, “ the secretary general suggested the dispatch of UN technical personnel to the Congo to assist in restoring order and discipline within the armed forces .” Canadian National Defence assumed that the United Nations would ask for French-speaking military advisers, the army maintained a standby list of one hundred officers, including many who were bilingual and could be posted abroad on short notice .” Before Hammarskjold could put his plan into action, however, a second Congolese request arrived, sent directly to the secretary general from President Joseph Kasavubu and Prime Minister Joseph Lumumba, “ the Congolese leaders asked for UN military forces to counter the violent Belgian intervention .” Again Canada offered combat troops stating that if the need arose for Canadian military intervention in the Congo Canada could also “ deploy one of three French speaking battalions made ready for UN Service .” The offer for combat troops was again refused, though Hammarskjold officially accepted the Canadian French-speaking officers.

This as well as the assassination of Lumumba and the death of Secretary-General Hammarskjold would lead to the UN allowing the use of force by UN troops in the Congo .” In 1961, UN troops under aggressive commanders pushed into Katanga, and began routing Tshombe ’ s armed forces.

* Patrice Lumumba Ford, an American member of the Portland Seven who pled guilty to seditious conspiracy and levying war against American and allied forces.