The first working prototype of the modern self-propelled torpedo was created by a commission placed by Giovanni Luppis (), an Austrian naval officer from Fiume ( now called Rijeka ), a port city of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy ( modern Croatia ), and Robert Whitehead, an English engineer who was the manager of a town factory.

* 1866: Minenschiff, the first self-propelled ( locomotive ) torpedo, developed by Robert Whitehead ( to a design by Captain Luppis, Austrian Navy ), is demonstrated for the imperial naval commission on December 21.

In 1864, Luppis presented Whitehead with the plans of the salvacoste ( coastsaver ), a floating weapon driven by ropes from the land, and made a contract with him in order to perfect the invention.

In the early 1860s, Whitehead met engineer Giovanni Luppis, who had recently retired to Trieste from the Austrian Navy.

Whitehead and Luppis formed a partnership to perfect the torpedo as an effective weapon.

* 1860: Giovanni Luppis, a retired engineer of the Austro-Hungarian navy, demonstrates a design for a self-propelled torpedo to emperor Franz Joseph.

Giovanni Biagio Luppis von Rammer ( 27 August 1813 – 11 January 1875 ) was an Italian officer of the Austro-Hungarian Navy who had the idea of the first self-propelled torpedo.

Luppis ' device was a low-profile surface boat, propelled by compressed air, and controlled by ropes from the land.

Giovanni Luppis ( or Lupis ) was born in the city of Fiume in 1813, which was at the time part of the Illyrian Provinces, but soon passed back to Austria.

The first European prototypes of a self-propelled torpedo were created by Giovanni Luppis, an Austrian naval officer from Fiume ( today Rijeka, Croatia ), a port city of the Austrian Empire.

They discarded Luppis ' concept of shore launch and control for an unguided weapon launched from a ship on a straight line at the target.

Giovanni Luppis.

The administration had discovered through its own investigations that one of the leading scientists on the AEC, J. Robert Oppenheimer, had urged that the H-bomb work be delayed ; Eisenhower removed him from the agency and revoked his security clearance, though he knew this would create fertile ground for the extremist McCarthy.

Volunteer Robert Holland for example remembered being abused by people he knew as he was being marched into captivity and said the British troops saved them from being manhandled by the crowds.

In Carla's Song, the bus driver, played by Robert Carlyle, knew nothing of Carla's attempted suicide until he discovered her in the bath.

The following day he rented a 1993 Ford F-700 truck from Ryder under the name Robert D. Kling, an alias he adopted because he knew an Army soldier named Kling with whom he shared physical characteristics, and because it reminded him of the Klingon warriors of Star Trek.

They were awestruck to hear it was Son House, whom they knew as " the man who taught Robert Johnson ".

The only member of the UC administration who knew its true purpose — indeed, the only one who knew its exact physical location — was the Secretary-Treasurer Robert Underhill, who was in charge of wartime contracts and liabilities.

Robert not only had the advantage of prior warning, as he knew the actual day that Edward would come north and fight, he also had the time to choose the field of battle most advantageous to the Scots and their style of combat.

Abraham Lincoln had become convinced that the appropriate objective for his Eastern army was the army of Robert E. Lee's, not any geographic features such as a capital city, but he and his generals knew that the most reliable way to bring Lee to a decisive battle was to threaten his capital.

According to Dr. Robert J. Brym and Dr. Rhonda L. Lenton, users of online games, websites, and other virtual communities are encouraged to conceal their identities and learn things about themselves that they never knew before.

While living in Aspen, Bayer had a chance meeting with the eccentric oilman, outdoorsman and ( to those who knew him ) visionary ecologist, Robert O. Anderson.

William and his wife Sarah and the remainder of the Whiteside children knew they too needed more abundant land and followed Robert, but decided to go further south and settle in the southwestern North Carolina, in Tryon County near the First Broad River.

Such critics include: Herald-News reporter Cal Deal ; Larry Elder ; Thomas Clough ; Barbara Burns, the daughter of victim Hazel Tanis ; George Kimball of The Irish Times ; Milan Simonich of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette ; Lona Manning ; The New York Times reporter Robert Lipsyte ; Paul Mulshine of The Newark Star-Ledger ; and Jack Newfield of the New York Post, who stated, " I knew Rubin Carter, attended his fights, covered his retrial and I didn't see much reality on the screen.

The most memorable included " The Footie Song ", an ode to football sung and written by people who clearly neither cared or knew anything about it, " The Robert De Niro Calypso ", a tribute to the famous actor, " My Name is Roscoe ", a country and western song whose lyrics included the theory of relativity and " Song For Bob Hoskins ".

In 1988, Ford moved to Perry Ellis, where he knew both Robert McDonald, the company's president, and Marc Jacobs, its designer, socially.

In the months after his death, many who knew Muir closely wrote about his influences: Robert Underwood Johnson, editor of Century Magazine, which published many of his articles, wrote, " The world will look back to the time we live in and remember the voice of one crying in the wilderness and bless the name of John Muir ...

Neither President Lyndon Johnson nor Secretary of State Dean Rusk knew about the study until its publication ; they believed McNamara might have planned to give the work to his friend Robert F. Kennedy, who sought the Democratic presidential nomination in 1968.

He knew that the more chaotic the situation became, the more likely it was that Governor Robert E. Pattison would call out the state militia.

Hampton knew of the existence of the ford and, late on 25 October, he decided to send 1, 000 men of his first brigade ( including most, if not all, of his light infantry ) under Colonel Robert Purdy, to cross to the south bank of the Chateauguay, circle round the British position and outflank it by capturing the ford at dawn, while 1, 000 men of his second brigade under Brigadier General George Izard attacked from the front.

According to historian Robert H. Ferrell, Byrnes knew little more about foreign relations than Truman.

Craftsmen like Robert Blum or Wilhelm Wolff were associated almost exclusively with the radical democratic Left, as they knew the social problems of the underprivileged classes from personal observations.

Davies always looked at Ireland as a stepping-stone towards major political office in England but he knew that his chances were hurt by the death of his patron, Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, and his absence from the court.

Gen. Robert E. Lee decided not to press the advantage gained that day, largely because he knew his Army of Northern Virginia was exhausted from two weeks of nearly constant marching and nearly three days of battle, so the Union retreat went unmolested.

He was a contemporary of Robert Boyle whom he knew well, and a neighbour of Samuel Pepys in Axe Yard.

Affidavits from people who knew Whitehead or lived nearby were collected more than 30 years later ; many of these asserted that Whitehead had flown, though some denied it.

The newspaper reported that trees blocked the way after the flight was in progress, and quoted Whitehead as saying, " I knew that I could not clear them by rising higher, and also that I had no means of steering around them by using the machinery.

His English was limited, and the little he knew he found irritating.

This was seen by the Jesuits as a gigantic step forward, but the English and the locals knew better.

Claiming that Meres was obsessed with numerology, they propose that the numbers should be symmetrical, and that careful readers are meant to infer that Meres knew two of the English poets ( viz., Oxford and Shakespeare ) to actually be one and the same.

Since his knowledge of English wasn't very extensive, he asked for the only Mad artist he knew of that spoke Spanish, Cuban-born artist Antonio Prohías, creator of the comic Spy vs. Spy.

According to Aragonés, this proved to be a mistake, since Prohías knew even less English than he.

... there was one man who not only united high ability with unparalleled opportunity but also knew how to turn budgets into political triumphs and who stands in history as the greatest English financier of economic liberalism, Gladstone ... The greatest feature of Gladstonian finance ... was that it expressed with ideal adequacy both the whole civilisation and the needs of the time, ex visu of the conditions of the country to which it was to apply ; or, to put it slightly differently, that it translated a social, political, and economic vision, which was comprehensive as well as historically correct, into the clauses of a set of co-ordinated fiscal measures ... Gladstonian finance was the finance of the system of ' natural liberty ,' laissez-faire, and free trade ... the most important thing was to remove fiscal obstructions to private activity.

Edward knew he had to keep the critical stronghold of Stirling Castle if there was to be any chance for English military success.

The name of Campania itself is derived from Latin, as the Romans knew the region as Campania felix, which translates into English as " fertile countryside ".

The architectural historian Sir John Summerson asserts that the palace shows " the essence of Wolsey — the plain English churchman who nevertheless made his sovereign the arbiter of Europe and who built and furnished Hampton Court to show foreign embassies that Henry VIII's chief minister knew how to live as graciously as any cardinal in Rome.

In London he also learnt that he knew far more English than he had supposed, although still did not understand half of what was said in conversation.

Though the performances were in English, of which Berlioz knew virtually none, he was still able to grasp the grandeur and sublimnity of Shakespeare's language along with the richness of the plays ' dramatic design.

The English also knew the importance of being skilled to fight on and off horseback, elbow to elbow with the pikeman and archers, a tactic which was learned from the earlier Saxons and also by their battles with the Scots from whom they learned tactical flexibility and the adaptation to difficult terrain.

On one occasion Pius X personally gave communion to a four-year-old English child whom he had gently asked if he knew who was being received in the Eucharist because the child answered ' Jesus '.

She immediately called for a march northeast into Champagne, towards Rheims, but the French commanders knew they had to first clear the English out of their dangerous positions on the Loire.

" My Sam Gamgee is indeed a reflexion of the English soldier, of the privates and batmen I knew in the 1914 war, and recognised as so far superior to myself ".

He even entertained a peace treaty proposed by Botha and the other Boer leaders that would have maintained the sovereignty of the South African Republican and the Orange Free State while requiring them to sign a perpetual treaty of alliance with the UK and grant major concessions to the UK such as equal rights for English with Dutch in their countries, voting rights for Uitlanders, and a customs and railway union with the Cape Colony and Natal, although he knew the government in the UK would reject the offer.

In 1559, Nicholas Throckmorton, the English ambassador in Paris, alarmed at the Scots ' associations, warned Elizabeth that Elder was " as dangerous for the matters of England as any he knew.

The immigrants, most of whom knew little or no English, responded to the call of " John Deere Town " by the conductor.

He knew no English and arrived with only $ 0. 27 in his pockets.

He knew most the people around the area, the money issues had settled down by then, a good portion of the English and French settlers had sold out to the German population that was immigrating into the area.

He claimed that despite his mother being an English teacher, he only knew one English word ( shoe ) on his arrival.

Berlin was fluent in Russian and English, spoke French, German and Italian, and knew Latin and Ancient Greek.

The song was sung simultaneously in French, English and German by troops during the Christmas truce of 1914, as it was one carol that soldiers on both sides of the front line knew.