While some Lutherans believe in consubstantiation, others reject the concept because it substitutes what they believe to be the biblical doctrine with a philosophical construct and implies, in their view, a natural, local inclusion of the body and blood of Christ in the consecrated bread and wine of the eucharist .< ref > J. T.

" Conversion ", paragaph 78 .</ ref > Thus, Lutherans reject the " decision theology " which is common among modern evangelicals.

But at the same time, in the mystery of the Church as his Body, Christ has in a sense opened his own redemptive suffering to all human suffering " ( Salvifici Doloris 19 ; 24 ). Some Protestants reject the idea of the Eucharist as a sacrifice, inclining to see it as merely a holy meal ( even if they believe in a form of the real presence of Christ in the bread and wine, as Lutherans do ).

Other traditional Lutherans reject such practices as unbiblical, with a minority of congregations continuing the historic practice of male suffrage, similar to the Wisconsin Synod.

Lutherans reject the teaching that forgiveness is obtained through penance.

Lutherans, however, reject the philosophical explanation of consubstantiation, preferring to see the presence of the Lord's body and blood as mysterious rather than explainable by human philosophy.

Some Protestant denominations, especially Lutherans, have similar beliefs regarding the Eucharist and the Real Presence, though they differ about the rite and reject the concept of transubstantiation which Catholics and Orthodox Eastern Christians hold to.

Lutherans do not seek to explain the change, and some designate their beliefs as consubstantiation, while others reject the designation of their doctrine as consubstantiation in contradistinction to the transubstantiation of the Roman Catholic Church, which they also reject ( see also, Smalcald Articles ).

In current Lutheran teachings, the Body of Christ is used in a somewhat similar form to the Roman Catholic teachings, but the Lutherans reject the Catholic teaching of transubstantiation.

Confessional Lutherans, such as the International Lutheran Council and the Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference, reject the Declaration.

Lutherans reject sacerdotalism.

) Hilton also claims a Roman Catholic monarch would therefore be unable to be crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury and points to the examples of European states that have similar religious provisions for their monarchs: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, whose constitutions compel their monarchs to be Lutherans, the Netherlands, the constitution of which insists its monarchs be members of the Protestant House of Orange, and Belgium, which has a constitution that provides for the succession to be through Roman Catholic houses.

He is venerated by the Roman Catholic Church, Oriental and Eastern Orthodox churches, the Lutherans, and the Anglican Communion.

The liturgical communities in western Christianity that derive their rituals from the Roman Missal, including those particular communities which use the Roman Missal itself ( Roman Catholics ), the Book of Common Prayer ( Anglicans / Episcopalians ), the Lutheran Book of Worship ( ELCA Lutherans ), Lutheran Service Book ( Missouri-Synod Lutherans ), use the Apostles ' Creed and interrogative forms of it in their rites of Baptism, which they consider to be the first sacrament of initiation into the Church.

Lutherans, like Roman Catholics, use the Apostles ' Creed during the Sacrament of Baptism:

Supporters of this position also include high church Anglo-Catholic, Catholic-leaning Lutherans, Eastern Orthodox churches, and traditional Roman Catholic groups.

Among those who regard themselves as Catholic but not Roman Catholic are Anglicans and some Lutherans, who stress that they are both Reformed and Catholic.

** Optionally: abbreviation of soldiers ' religion ( KAT for Roman Catholics, GR-KAT for Greek Catholics, PRAW for Orthodox, MOJ for Jewish, AUG for Lutherans, ANG for Anglicans and MAH for Muslims )

Many Protestants ( especially those belonging to the magisterial traditions, such as Lutherans, or those such as Methodists, that broke away from the Anglican Communion ) accept the teachings of the first seven councils but do not ascribe to the councils themselves the same authority as Roman Catholics and the Eastern Orthodox do.

After the Elector and his Calvinist court officials drew up plans for mass conversion of the population to the new faith in February 1614, as provided for by the rule of Cuius regio, eius religio within the Holy Roman Empire, there were serious protests, with his wife backing the Lutherans.

Where many other denominations, including Roman Catholics, Protestant Episcopalians, Lutherans, and Unitarians, believed that the ill-effects of liquor should be controlled by self-discipline and individual restraint, Methodists believed that it was the duty of the government to enforce restrictions on the use of alcohol.

Most of the originally Protestant churches in Masuria are now used by the Polish Roman Catholic Church as the number of Lutherans in Masuria declined from 68, 500 in 1950 to 21, 174 in 1961 and further to 3, 536 in 1981.

Denominations that practise infant baptism include the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, Armenian Apostolic Church, Assyrian Church of the East, the Anglican churches, Lutherans, Presbyterians, Methodists, some Church of the Nazarene, the Reformed Church in America, the United Church of Canada, the United Church of Christ ( UCC ), and the Continental Reformed.

The Peace of Augsburg ( 1555 ), signed by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, confirmed the result of the 1526 Diet of Speyer, ending the war between German Lutherans and Catholics, and establishing that:

Ultramontanism has particularly overshadowed ecumenical work between the Roman Catholic Church and both Lutherans and Anglicans.

* January 8 – Salzburgers, Lutherans who were expelled by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Salzburg, Austria, in October 1731, set sail for the British Colony of Georgia, in America.

Baptists, Lutherans, and Anglicans are some of the larger and older Western denominations outside the Roman Catholic Church.

However, though the Lutherans follow the same format of the Rosary as the Roman Catholics, each " Hail Mary " is replaced with the " Jesus Prayer ".

After the Protestant Reformation, Anglicans and Lutherans continued to follow the lectionary of the Roman Rite.

Anglicans and Old Catholics see themselves as a communion within the Catholic Church and Lutherans see themselves as " a reform movement within the greater church catholic ".

The Catholic Church, however, does not recognise Episcopalians or Lutherans as having legitimate apostolic succession.

* Lutherans living in a prince-bishopric ( a state ruled by a Catholic bishop ) could continue to practice their faith.

* Lutherans could keep the territory they had captured from the Catholic Church since the Peace of Passau in 1552.

Thus, at the beginning of the 17th century, the Rhine lands and those south to the Danube were largely Catholic, while Lutherans predominated in the north, and Calvinists dominated in certain other areas, such as west-central Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands.

The Roman Catholic Church distinguishes between the Mass in its understanding and what some Anglicans and Lutherans call the Mass, since it considers that they lack the sacrament of orders and therefore " have not preserved the genuine and total reality of the Eucharistic mystery.

In agreement with the Eastern Orthodox Church and Oriental Orthodox Churches, Anglo-Catholics — along with Old-Catholics and Lutherans — generally appeal to the " canon " ( or rule ) of St Vincent of Lerins: " What everywhere, what always, and what by all has been believed, that is truly and properly Catholic.

The term father for presbyters is generally restricted to Catholic and Orthodox usage, though many Anglicans and even some Lutherans will use the term, as well.

On October 31, 1731, the Catholic ruler of Salzburg, Austria, archbishop Leopold von Firmian, issued an edict expelling as many as 20, 000 Lutherans from his principality.

Catholic forces loyal to the Holy Roman Emperor carried out the notorious Sack of Magdeburg, while Protestant Swedish troops under Gustavus Adolphus ransacked their fellow Lutherans ' villages in northern Germany.

Despite this, in January 1535, Catholic authorities found those classified as " Lutherans " actually to be Zwinglians, followers of Huldrych Zwingli.

The last official statement of Italian Ministry of Finance made in respect of the year 2000 singles out seven beneficiaries: the Italian State, the Catholic Church, the Waldenses, the Jewish Communities, the Lutherans, the Seventh-day Adventist Church and the Assemblies of God in Italy.