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Lykaion Excavation and Survey Project, a joint effort of the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Arizona began work at the site in 2004, with the aim of continuing the topographical survey begun in 1996 and carrying out a full topographical and architectural analysis not only of the altar and temenos, but of the nearby valley where the Lykaian Games were held.
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Lykaion and Excavation
Lykaion Excavation and Survey Project.
Lykaion Excavation and Survey Project under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Arizona.
* Lykaion Excavation and Survey Project
Lykaion and at
Lykaion as the birthplace of Zeus, although tradition had handed down at least two other locations for Zeus ’ birth.
The athletic competitions at Lykaion, held every four years, receive occasional mention in the literary record.
Pliny the Elder, an imperial Roman polymath, states that the games at Lykaion were the first to introduce gymnastic competition.
The hippodrome at Mount Lykaion, located in a valley below and to the north of the altar, is the only extant hippodrome from Greek antiquity, and is therefore crucial to our understanding of Greek athletic festivals.
The excavations of Kourouniotes in 1903 of the altar and its nearby temenos determined definite cult activity at the Lykaion altar from the late 7th century b. c. e, including animals bones, miniature tripods knives, and statuettes of Zeus holding an eagle and a lightning bolt.
The earth-altar may correspond to a Linear B mention of an " open-fire altar "; Linear B ( 14th-13th centuries BCE ) inscriptions also give the first mentions of offerings to Zeus and of the sacred precinct ( temenos ) near the altar, such as has been excavated at Lykaion
The extremely early date of activity at Lykaion could suggest that these customs originated there.
Lykaion and site
Lykaion was an important site of religious worship in ancient Greece.
Lykaion and with
Lykaion, its religious significance, and its quadrennial athletic games appear with some frequency in the ancient literary sources.
Lykaion extended between the camps of both sides, causing some consternation among the Macedonians due to their unfamiliarity with the terrain.
Lykaion and altar
Lykaion has two peaks, the northern one higher ( 1421 m ) than the southern ( 1382 m ), where the altar of Zeus is located.
Lykaion and temenos
Lykaion while in exile from the mid-440s BC until 427, where he built a house straddling the sacred region ( temenos ) of Zeus to avoid further persecution.
Lykaion and valley
Megalopoli is situated in a wide valley, surrounded by mountains: the Taygetus to the south, the Mainalo to the north, the Tsemperou to the southeast and the Lykaion to the west.
Lykaion and where
The 2nd-century Greek geographer Pausanias provides the greatest amount of information in the eighth book of his Description of Greece, where he discusses Lykaion ’ s mythological, historical, and physical characteristics in detail.
Lykaion and Lykaian
References to Lykaian Pan are especially abundant in Latin poetry, as for instance in Virgil ’ s epic, the Aeneid: “ Lupercal / Parrhasio dictum Panos de more Lycaei ,” “... the Lupercal, named after the Parrhasian worship of Lykaian Pan ,” and in Horace ’ s Odes: “ Velox amoenum saepe Lucretilem / mutat Lycaeo Faunus ,” “ Often swift Faunus exchanges Lykaion for pleasant Lucretilis .”
Authors are in disagreement as to when exactly the games were first instituted: Aristotle is said to have ranked the Lykaion games fourth in order of institution after the Eleusinia, the Panathenaia, and the Argive games, while Pausanias argues for the Lykaian competition ’ s priority to the Panathenaia.
Lykaion and .
He is Arkas the son of Kallisto and Zeus, and he lived in the country about Lykaion.
Lykaion ( 1421 m, ;,, ) is a mountain in Arcadia.
Mount Lykaion is sacred to Zeus Lykaios, who was said to have been born and brought up on it, and was the home of Pelasgus and his son Lycaon, who is said to have founded the ritual of Zeus practiced on its summit.
According to some, the modern name of the mountain is Diaforti ( Gell gives " Dioforti " or " Dioforte "), which is presumed to consist of two Greek words: " Dias ", the name of Zeus in modern Greek, and " fero ," a verb meaning " I bring ," thus meaning that Mount Lykaion is a mountain that brings Zeus.
Lykaion, giving the god the epithet Lykaios and establishing games in his honor.
Lykaion during the Second Messenian War, a revolt against the Spartans.
Lykaion in 227 BC between the Achaean League under Aratus and the Spartans under Cleomenes III.
Lykaion was initially excavated by the Greek Archaeological Service, first in 1897 by archaeologist K. Kontopoulos and again in 1902 by K. Kourouniotes.
The early 20th century excavator of Lykaion, Kouriouniotis discovered stone blocks in the middle of the hippodrome that would have formed the starting line of the stadium.
Excavation and Survey
* Burnham, BC and H, Dolaucothi-Pumsaint: Survey and Excavation at a Roman Gold-mining complex ( 1987-1999 ), Oxbow Books ( 2004 ).
Excavation and Project
* The Gone Lawn Excavation Project: contemporary absurdist authors, journals & presses
* Yoram Tsafrir and Gideon Foerster: " Bet Shean Excavation Project – 1988 / 1989 ", Excavations and Surveys in Israel 1989 / 1990.
* Kaupang Excavation Project
Excavation of the inner moat, which is now lying as a dry ditch, conservation of the historical structures are parts of the ' Project ' to restore ' Kangla ' to its glorious past.
The Tel Gezer Excavation and Publication Project is a multi-disciplinary field project investigating the Iron Age history of the ancient biblical city of Tel Gezer.
* Tel Gezer Excavation and Publication Project
* Tell es-Safi / Gath Excavation Project Blog
* Tell es-Safi / Gath Excavation Project website
* Kaupang in Skiringssal ( Kaupang Excavation Project Publication Series, 2007 – 2008 )
Excavation and University
Excavation work by University of Wales, Lampeter, and Trinity College, Carmarthen in the woods surrounding the Abbey have failed to find definitive evidence of the kiln that made the tiles for the Abbey.
Manolis Andronikos conducted archaeological research in Veroia, Naousa, Kilkis, Chalkidiki and Thessaloniki, but his main research was done in Vergina, where his teacher, professor K. Rhomaios had founded in 1937 the Aristotle University Excavation at Vergina.
They also funded the Leon Levy Excavation at Ashkelon, Israel ; created the Leon Levy Visitor Center at the New York Botanical Garden ; and financed the Shelby White and Leon Levy Center for Mind Brain and Behavior at Rockefeller University, where Levy was a member of the Board.
Excavation at the site by Hebrew University, joined by the Complutense University of Madrid, resumed in 1990 under Amnon Ben-Tor.
* The Hazor Excavation Reports-Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Excavation at Sompur Bihara was started by the society along with Calcutta University in 1923.
* Ilene M. Nicholas, The Proto-Elamite Settlement at Tuv, Malyan Excavation Reports Volume 1, University of Pennsylvania Museum Publication, 1991, ISBN 0-934718-86-5
* Elizabeth Carter and Ken Deaver, Excavations at Anshan ( Tal-E Malyan ): The Middle Elamite Period, Malyan Excavation Reports Volume 2, University of Pennsylvania Museum Publication, 1996, ISBN 0-924171-22-7
* Excavation project at Sardis by Harvard University and Cornell University begins.
* Naguib Kanawati, with photography by Reece Scannell, A Mountain Speaks: The First Australian Excavation in Egypt, ( Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, 1988 ): ISBN 0-85837-633-4 ( hardcover & paperpack ).
* Corbin, Annalies, The Steamboat Montana and the Opening of the West: History, Excavation, and Architecture ( Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2008 ).
* University of Columbia 2005 Excavation report at Dakhla
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