This mixture, known as MAPP gas, is commercially available.

* MAPP gas, liquefied petroleum gas ( LPG ) mixed with methylacetylene-propadiene

It is a component of MAPP gas along with its isomer propadiene ( allene ), which is commonly used in gas welding.

Whereas purified propyne is expensive, MAPP gas can be used to cheaply generate large amounts of the reagent.

# REDIRECT MAPP gas

MAPP gas is a trademarked name belonging to Linde Group, previously to Dow, for a fuel gas based on a stabilized mixture of methylacetylene ( propyne ) and propadiene.

MAPP gas is widely regarded as a safer and easier-to-use substitute for acetylene.

In the spring of 2008, true MAPP gas production ended in North America when production was discontinued at the only remaining plant making it.

MAPP gas can be used in combination with oxygen for heating, soldering, brazing and even welding due to its high flame temperature of 2925 ° C ( 5300 ° F ) in oxygen.

Although acetylene has a higher flame temperature ( 3160 ° C, 5720 ° F ), MAPP has the advantage that it requires neither dilution nor special container fillers during transport, allowing a greater volume of fuel gas to be transported at the same given weight, and it is much safer in use.

MAPP / oxygen was advantageously used in underwater cutting, which requires high gas pressures ( under such pressures acetylene polymerizes explosively, making it dangerous to use ).

MAPP gas is also used in combustion with air for brazing and soldering, where it has considerable advantages over competing propane fuel due to its high combustion temperature of 2, 020 ° C ( 3, 670 ° F ) in Air.

The biggest disadvantage of MAPP gas is cost ; it is typically one-and-a-half times as expensive as propane at the refinery, and up to four times as expensive to the consumer.

They were the only North American plant making MAPP gas, and the only legal supplier of trademarked MAPP gas in the world.

Many of these work acceptably in gas / air torches, but none work as well as MAPP in gas / oxygen torches.

MAPP is colorless in both liquid and gas form.

MAPP gas is toxic if inhaled at high concentrations.

The University of Pennsylvania's Positive Psychology Center has developed a masters degree program in positive psychology ( MAPP ) which is described which they designate " the world's first degree program in positive psychology ".

The MAPP / oxygen flame is not entirely appropriate for welding steel, due to the high concentration of hydrogen in the flame-higher than acetylene, but lower than any of the other petroleum fuel gases.

For small-scale welding with MAPP this is not too serious a problem as the hydrogen escapes readily, and MAPP / oxygen can in practice be used for welding small steel parts.

It is no longer used much in any large-scale industry-for larger scale users acetylene / oxygen is more economic than MAPP / oxygen when high flame temperatures are needed, and propane / air is more economic when big overall heats are needed.

However, for the small-scale user the MAPP / oxygen flame is still highly desirable, having higher flame temperatures and energy densities than any flame other than acetylene / oxygen, but without the dangers and inconveniences of acetylene / oxygen.

MAPP gas is shock sensitive.

MAPP has an energy content of 2100 BTU / lb while acetylene's energy content is 2500 BTU / lb.

Plumbers, refrigeration and HVAC engineers and other tradesmen also value the high heat capacity of the MAPP / air flame ; MAPP was until recently widely used, supplied in small to medium size containers.

A set of MAPP and oxygen cylinders used for oxy-fuel welding and cutting.

There are many opportunities for leadership development on campus, including positions as a Resident Assistant ( RA ), as an Orientation Leader ( OL ), on the school's student Judicial Board, as a Multicultural Academic Peer Program ( MAPP ) Mentor, within the active Student Government Association ( SGA ), and among the various Programs Boards.

Many hobbyists use MAPP gas in portable canisters for fuel.

In particular, Herbert A. Simon and Kevin Gilmartin proposed a model of learning in chess called MAPP ( Memory-Aided Pattern Recognizer ).

The well itself is designed to take two Merc 800's or 500's if you wish and there's room for a 25-gallon long-cruise gas tank below it.

There must be a restriction in the deed to provide that the customer may not be charged more than the current market price for the oil, an obvious precaution, since the account is permanently wedded, just like with gas or electricity.

Ritter, the builder, is convinced that the total cost of all the heating systems plus the oil distribution system is no greater than would be gas heating systems in the houses plus their lines and meters.

He believes that this is a sound approach to gas competition in builder developments where gas is available.

The heat transfer to the anode in free burning arcs is enhanced by a hot gas jet flowing from the cathode towards the anode with velocities up Af.

It is appropriate to call attention to certain thermodynamic properties of an ideal gas that are analogous to rubber-like deformation.

The internal energy of an ideal gas depends on temperature only and is independent of pressure or volume.

In other words, if an ideal gas is compressed and kept at constant temperature, the work done in compressing it is completely converted into heat and transferred to the surrounding heat sink.

There is a well-known relationship between probability and entropy which states that Af, where **zq is the probability that state ( i.e., volume for an ideal gas ) could be reached by chance alone.

The simplest division, and the one most frequently used ( with subdivisions ) in gas and electric rate cases, is a threefold division of the total operating and capital costs into `` customer costs '', `` energy '' or `` volumetric costs '', and `` demand '' or `` capacity '' costs.

Thermal conductivity is directly traceable to the material's porous, air-cell construction which effectively traps air or a gas in the maze of minute bubbles which form its composition.

In air, where oxygen is more concentrated, some small species can rely solely on cutaneous gas exchange, most famously the plethodontid salamanders, which have neither lungs nor gills.

Argon is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0. 93 % ( 9, 300 ppm ), making it approximately 23. 8 times as abundant as next most common atmospheric gas, carbon dioxide ( 390 ppm ), and more than 500 times as abundant as the next most common noble gas, neon ( 18 ppm ).

Argon is mostly used as an inert shielding gas in welding and other high-temperature industrial processes where ordinarily non-reactive substances become reactive ; for example, an argon atmosphere is used in graphite electric furnaces to prevent the graphite from burning.

Argon is colorless, odorless, and nontoxic as a solid, liquid, and gas.

Although argon is a noble gas, it has been found to have the capability of forming some compounds.