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MPLS LSPs provide dynamic, transparent virtual networks with support for traffic engineering, the ability to transport layer-3 ( IP ) VPNs with overlapping address spaces, and support for layer-2 pseudowires using Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge ( PWE3 ) that are capable of transporting a variety of transport payloads ( IPv4, IPv6, ATM, Frame Relay, etc .).
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MPLS and LSPs
However it evolved in Generalized MPLS ( GMPLS ) to allow the creation of label-switched paths ( LSPs ) also in not native IP networks, such as SONET / SDH networks and wavelength switched optical network.
For example, MPLS allows carriers to provision LSPs with dynamic or explicit routes.
Note that LSPs are unidirectional ; they enable a packet to be label switched through the MPLS network from one endpoint to another.
For example, monitoring MPLS LSPs involves piggybacking session establishment on LSP-Ping packets.
MPLS and provide
While the underlying protocols and technologies are different, both MPLS and ATM provide a connection-oriented service for transporting data across computer networks.
Fast reroute has been implemented by major vendors, such as Cisco and Juniper Networks, to provide localized resilient capability for MPLS networks.
Virtual Private LAN Service ( VPLS ) is a way to provide Ethernet based multipoint to multipoint communication over IP / MPLS networks.
MPLS and virtual
MPLS uses label stacking to accomplish this while ATM uses virtual paths.
* Multiprotocol label switching ( MPLS ), which can be used for IP over virtual circuits.
Technologies such as Multiprotocol Label Switching ( MPLS ) and the resource reservation protocol ( RSVP ) create virtual circuits on top of datagram networks.
Enterprise private networks were first overlaid on telecommunication networks such as frame relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode packet switching infrastructures but migration from these ( now legacy ) infrastructures to IP based MPLS networks and virtual private networks started ( 2001 ~ 2002 ).
MPLS VPN is a family of methods for harnessing the power of multiprotocol label switching ( MPLS ) to create virtual private networks ( VPNs ).
Point-to-point MPLS VPNs employ VLLs ( virtual leased lines ) for providing Layer2 point-to-point connectivity between two sites.
Layer 2 MPLS VPNs, or VPLS ( virtual private LAN service ), offers a “ switch in the cloud ” style VPLS service.
It provides low-overhead detection of faults even on physical media that don't support failure detection of any kind, such as Ethernet, virtual circuits, tunnels and MPLS Label Switched Paths.
MPLS and networks
Multiprotocol Label Switching ( MPLS ) is a mechanism in high-performance telecommunications networks that directs data from one network node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses, avoiding complex lookups in a routing table.
MPLS belongs to the family of packet-switched networks.
MPLS recognizes that small ATM cells are not needed in the core of modern networks, since modern optical networks () are so fast ( at 40 Gbit / s and beyond ) that even full-length 1500 byte packets do not incur significant real-time queuing delays ( the need to reduce such delays — e. g., to support voice traffic — was the motivation for the cell nature of ATM ).
At the same time, MPLS attempts to preserve the traffic engineering and out-of-band control that made Frame Relay and ATM attractive for deploying large-scale networks.
Many customers are likely to migrate from Frame Relay to MPLS over IP or Ethernet within the next two years, which in many cases will reduce costs and improve manageability and performance of their wide area networks.
MPLS is currently ( as of March 2012 ) in use in IP-only networks and is standardized by the IETF in RFC 3031.
MPLS has been originally proposed to allow high performance traffic forwarding and traffic engineering in IP networks.
Now, therefore, the main application of MPLS is to implement limited traffic engineering and layer 3 / layer 2 “ service provider type ” VPNs over IPv4 networks.
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 is an IETF standard related to L2TP that can be used as an alternative protocol to Multiprotocol Label Switching ( MPLS ) for encapsulation of multiprotocol Layer 2 communications traffic over IP networks.
* Circuit Emulation Service is an emerging telecommunication technology to transmit legacy TDM or ATM services over Packet Switched Network ( PSN ) such as Ethernet, IP or MPLS networks
The following year, in August 1999, Cable & Wireless Global was formed to build global IP and IP MPLS networks with a strategy to sell global IP services to corporates.
With the changes that Internet brought in the networking world other technologies were developed to propose alternative to Frame-relay or ATM networks such as VPN's ( hardware and software ) and MPLS networks ( that are in effect an upgrade to TCP / IP of existing ATM / Frame-relay infrastructures ).
LDP is used to build and maintain LSP databases that are used to forward traffic through MPLS networks.
* Lee, Cheng-yin ( Ottawa, CA ), Elkady, Amr ( Ottawa, CA ) 2007 Extensible OAM support in MPLS / ATM networks United States Alcatel Canada Inc. ( Kanata, ON, CA )
VRRP can be used in Ethernet, MPLS and token ring networks with Internet Protocol Version 4 ( IPv4 ), as well as IPv6.
MPLS and with
MPLS technologies have evolved with the strengths and weaknesses of ATM in mind.
It is highly possible that MPLS will completely replace these technologies in the future, thus aligning these technologies with current and future technology needs.
In particular, MPLS dispenses with the cell-switching and signaling-protocol baggage of ATM.
MPLS works by prefixing packets with an MPLS header, containing one or more labels.
LSRs in an MPLS network regularly exchange label and reachability information with each other using standardized procedures in order to build a complete picture of the network they can then use to forward packets.
If one wants to carry two different types of traffic between the same two routers, with different treatment by the core routers for each type, one has to establish a separate MPLS path for each type of traffic.
MPLS works in conjunction with IP and its routing protocols, such as the Interior Gateway Protocol ( IGP ).
Meanwhile, in an IP network with MPLS Traffic Engineering CSPF routing, constraints such as the RSVP bandwidth of the traversed links can also be considered, such that the shortest path with available bandwidth will be chosen.
In contrast, MPLS local protection meets the requirements of real-time applications with recovery times comparable to those of SONET rings of less than 50 ms.
MPLS is able to work with variable length packets while ATM transports fixed-length ( 53 byte ) cells.
Some internet providers are offering different services to customers along with MPLS.
In most respects, wormhole is very similar to ATM or MPLS forwarding, with the exception that the cell does not have to be queued.
PEs understand the topology of each VPN, which are interconnected with MPLS tunnels, either directly or via P routers.
* Multi-Protocol Label Switching ( MPLS ) is often used to overlay VPNs, often with quality-of-service control over a trusted delivery network.
L2TPv3 can be regarded as being to MPLS what IP is to ATM: a simplified version of the same concept, with much of the goodness achieved with a fraction of the effort, at the cost of losing some technical features considered less important in the market.
Most MANs now use Synchronous Optical Network ( SONET ) or Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ) network designs, with recent designs using native Ethernet or MPLS.
In the 1990s with the advances of the Internet, leased lines were also used to connect customer premises to ISP Point of Presence's whilst the following decade saw a convergence of the aforementioned services ( frame relay, ATM, Internet for businesses ) with the MPLS integrated offerings.
However, the design proved to be flexible enough to be retrofitted with sampling, firewall and MPLS VPN features.
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