Countries where ASL or a derivative of ASL is the national or a widespread language include Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana ( with BSL ), Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, the Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d ' Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Kenya ( minority use ), Liberia, Madagascar ( minority use ), Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Philippines ( L2 use ), Puerto Rico, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Trinidad and Tobago, Togo, and Zimbabwe ( with ZSL ).

* 1897 – Franco-Hova Wars: The town of Anosimena is captured by French troops from Menabe defenders in Madagascar.

The genus is native to Africa, and is common in the Cape Province, the mountains of tropical Africa, the islands of Africa including Madagascar, and the Arabian Peninsula.

* 1897 – The town of Ambiky is captured by France from Menabe in Madagascar.

It is also found in pegmatite in Madagascar and in Brazil.

It is located in the southern Mozambique Channel, about half-way between Madagascar ( which is to the east ) and Mozambique, and northwest of Europa Island.

Mauritania and Madagascar are the only remaining countries that do not use the decimal system ; instead, the Mauritanian ouguiya is divided into 5 khoums, while the Malagasy ariary is divided into 5 iraimbilanja.

The privately operated Comoran Navigation Company ( Société Comorienne de Navigation ) is based in Moroni, and provides services to Madagascar.

The Dodo ( Raphus cucullatus ) is an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.

Europa Island () is a 28 km² low-lying tropical island in the Mozambique Channel, about a third of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique.

The island has been a possession of France since 1897, but is also claimed by Madagascar.

It is the only known breeding site outside Aldabra and Madagascar for Malagasy Pond Herons.

For example, on the Madagascar high central plateau, comprising approximately ten percent of that country's land area, virtually the entire landscape is sterile of vegetation, with gully erosive furrows typically in excess of 50 meters deep and one kilometer wide.

The surviving tropical population of primates, which is seen most completely in the upper Eocene and lowermost Oligocene fossil beds of the Faiyum depression southwest of Cairo, gave rise to all living species — lemurs of Madagascar, lorises of Southeast Asia, galagos or " bush babies " of Africa, and the anthropoids: platyrrhine or New World monkeys, catarrhines or Old World monkeys, and the great apes, including humans.

Mainly or partially francophone or francosphere countries include France, Belgium ( Wallonia is almost entirely francophone, and there is a large French-speaking community in the Brussels-Capital Region and a few bordering municipalities ), Canada ( the province of Quebec is francophone, and there are large French-speaking communities in Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and other Canadian provinces ), United States ( South / Central Louisiana and parts of Maine ), Switzerland, Haiti, the French West Indies and several countries in Africa, including Congo, Burundi, Madagascar and Rwanda, that are former French or Belgian colonies.

* 1897 – Queen Ranavalona III, the last monarch of Madagascar, is deposed by a French military force.

The island is located off the east coast of Africa, to the north of Madagascar, and boasted a high standard of living, an excellent economy, and freedom from the political and racial turmoil that characterized neighboring nations.

It is an island south of Madagascar.

The Mascarene Plateau is 2000 km long undersea plateau that lies east of Madagascar.

Lemuridae is a family of prosimian primates native to Madagascar, and one of five families commonly known as lemurs.

Island nations within the ocean are Madagascar ( the world's fourth largest island ), Comoros, Seychelles, Maldives, Mauritius, and Sri Lanka.

At, Madagascar is the world's 47th largest country and the fourth-largest island.

The island is home to two-thirds of the world's chameleon species, including the smallest one known to date, and researchers have proposed that Madagascar may represent the origin of all chameleon species.

Further debt relief constituted another infusion of favorable developments for Madagascar when on June 11, 2005, at a pre-G8 summit meeting in London, world leaders agreed to write off $ 40 billion in debt owed by the world's poorest countries.

Since the mid-1980s, the donor community, led by the World Bank and the USAID, has recognized that Madagascar is one of the world's most unusual natural wonders.

The majority of the world's vanilla is the V. planifolia variety, more commonly known as Bourbon vanilla ( after the former name of Réunion, Île Bourbon ) or Madagascar vanilla, which is produced in Madagascar and neighboring islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean, and in Indonesia.

According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation, Madagascar is currently responsible for the vast majority of the world's Bourbon vanilla production and 58 % of the world total vanilla fruit production.

Madagascar is the world's leading producer of vanilla and accounts for about half the world's export market.

It also is the world's second-largest producer of vanilla, after Madagascar.

The republic is the world's second largest producer of vanilla, after Madagascar.

Iceland remained for a long time one of the world's last larger islands uninhabited by humans ( the others being New Zealand and Madagascar ).

It is home to five percent of the world's plant and animal species, 80 percent of which are endemic to Madagascar.

Antananarivo is the administrative capital and largest city of Madagascar.

At $ 18 million per annum the environment program of USAID / Madagascar is the second largest American program in Madagascar, and one of the largest programs of its kind in the world.

Research has demonstrated that tavy, a form of slash and burns agriculture, has been the largest contributor to environmental degradation in Madagascar.

The Ostrich is the largest living species of bird and lays the largest egg of any living bird ( extinct elephant birds of Madagascar and the giant moa of New Zealand did lay larger eggs ).

Madagascar has the largest cinnamon market in Africa.

The largest living bird, the ostrich ( Struthio camelus ) was surpassed by the extinct Aepyornis of Madagascar, the heaviest of the group, and the extinct giant moa ( Dinornis ) of New Zealand, the tallest, growing to heights of.

It is now the largest party in the National Assembly of Madagascar with 106 of 127 seats, after the parliamentary election held on September 23, 2007.

The largest, Kalanchoe beharensis from Madagascar, can reach 6 m tall, but most species are less than 1 m tall.

In Madagascar, the average annual consumption of rice is 130 kg per person, one of the largest in the world.

Madagascar island, located in the Indian Ocean off the east coast of Africa, is the fourth largest island in the world.

Lake Alaotra () is the largest lake in Madagascar, located in Toamasina Province, in the northern central plateau.

The largest genus is Tambourissa, with 50 species in Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, and the Comoros.

The Betsileo are a highland ethnic group of Madagascar, the third largest in terms of population, numbering around 1. 5 million and making up about 12. 1 percent of the population.

Helodranon ' Antongila ( Bay of Antongila ), more commonly called Antongil Bay in English, is the largest bay in Madagascar.

The Madagascar hissing Cockroach ( Gromphadorhina portentosa ), also known as the Hissing Cockroach or simply Hisser, is one of the largest species of cockroach, reaching 2 to 3 inches at maturity.

The fossa is the largest mammalian carnivore on the island of Madagascar and has been compared to a small cougar.

With a length of up to, it is also the largest day gecko in Madagascar.