* April 19 – Mexican Revolution: Francisco I. Madero's troops besiege Ciudad Juárez but General Juan J. Navarro refuses his surrender demand.

* May 8 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa launches an attack against government troops in Ciudad Juarez without Madero's permission ; the government troops surrender on May 10.

* 1911-20-Mexican Revolution ; hundreds of thousands of refugees flee to America ; President William Howard Taft recognizes Francisco I. Madero's regime ; Madero assassinated by Victoriano Huerta, not recognized by America

In March 1912, Pascual Orozco, a general who had fought with Madero during the Mexican Revolution, but had grown disaffected with Madero, launched a revolt against Madero's regime in Chihuahua with the financial backing of Luis Terrazas, a former Governor of Chihuahua and the largest landowner in Mexico.

Francisco León de la Barra ( 1863 – 1939 ), whose interim presidency in 1911 gave Madero's enemies time to organize.

However, Madero was unable to achieve the reconciliation he desired since conservative Porfirians had managed to get themselves organized during the interim presidency of Francisco León de la Barra and now mounted a sustained and effective opposition to Madero's reform program.

To give the coup the appearance of legitimacy, Huerta had foreign minister Pedro Lascuráin assume the presidency ; under the 1857 Constitution of Mexico, the foreign minister stood third in line for the presidency behind the vice-president and attorney general ; Madero's attorney general had also been ousted in the coup.

In this case, in February 1915, the Constitutionalist Army signed an agreement with the Casa del Obrero Mundial (" House of the World Worker "), the labor union with anarcho-syndicalist connections which had been established during Francisco I. Madero's presidency.

* Rejection of Madero's presidency and a call for free elections once the situation in the country had stabilized ;

The Porfirian regime reacted by placing pressure on the Madero family's banking interests, and at one point even issued a warrant for Madero's arrest on the grounds of " unlawful transaction in rubber ".

Angry at Madero's commutation of Villa's sentence, Huerta, after a long night of drinking, mused about reaching an agreement with Orozco and together deposing Madero as president.

He was killed at his home in Puebla, along with part of his family, by the federal army, who discovered his involvement in Madero's movement.

The Plan asked the Mexican people to rise in arms on Sunday, November 20, 1910, at 6: 00 PM, but the first action occurred two days earlier, when Aquiles Serdán was found to be part of Madero's revolution in the state of Puebla and was forced to an early fight in his home, helped by his family.

Madero's army fought Diaz's forces with some success, and he attracted the forces of other rebel leaders like Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata and Venustiano Carranza, and they eventually joined together to fight Diaz.

Against Madero's wishes, Orozco and Villa fought for and won Ciudad Juárez, bordering El Paso, Texas, along the Rio Grande.

After Madero's death, he joined the military forces of Julián Medina, a follower of Pancho Villa, where he served as a field doctor.

Madero's preferred candidate was again defeated by Porfirio Díaz's preferred candidate in the 1905 governmental elections.

However, in Madero's absence, several landowners from Zapata's state of Morelos had appealed to President de la Barra and the Congress to restore their lands which had been seized by revolutionaries.

A few days later, after Madero's arrest, Díaz signed the Embassy Pact ( Pacto de la Embajada ), facilitated by American ambassador Henry Lane Wilson ) which installed Huerta as President and allowed Díaz to run as presidential candidate on the next election.

At the same time, several of Madero's allies denounced him for being overly reconciliatory with the Porfirians and with not moving aggressively forward with reforms: thus, on 25 November 1911, Emiliano Zapata issued his Plan of Ayala, denouncing Madero for being uninterested in pursuing land reform.

However, Zapata was dissatisfied with Madero's stance on land reform, which Madero did not really believe in, and was unable, despite repeated efforts, to make him understand the importance of the issue or to get him to act on it.

Zapata decided that on the surface it seemed as though Madero was doing good things for the people of Mexico, but Zapata did not know the level of sincerity in Madero's actions and thus did not know if he should support him completely.

Madero's failure to address agrarian claims led Zapata to break with Madero and resume the revolution.

In it, Zapata denounced President Francisco I. Madero for his perceived betrayal of the revolutionary ideals, embodied in Madero's Plan de San Luis, and set out his vision of land reform.

Finally, after Madero's appointment of a governor who supported plantation owners and his failure to settle the land issue to Zapata's satisfaction, Zapata mobilized his army again.

Madero's book was well received, and many people began to call Madero the Apostle of Democracy.

Francisco Vázquez Gómez took over the nomination, but during Madero's time in jail, Díaz was " elected " as president with an electoral vote of 196 to 187.

Madero's father used his influence with the state governor and posted a bond to gain Madero the right to move about the city on horseback during the day.

Bernardo Reyes ( 1850 – 1913 ), whose brutality as Governor of Nuevo León in 1903 resulted in Madero's politicization, and who launched a rebellion against Madero in Nuevo León in December 1911.

After years of censorship, Mexican newspapers took advantage of their newly-found freedom of the press to criticize Madero's performance as president harshly.

( 2 ) In March 1912, Madero's former general Pascual Orozco, who was personally resentful of how Madero had treated him, launched a rebellion in Chihuahua with the financial backing of Luis Terrazas, a former Governor of Chihuahua who was the largest landowner in Mexico.

Madero's brother and advisor Gustavo A. Madero was kidnapped off the street, tortured, and killed.

Madero's great grandson Jose ' Pepe ' Madero was once a key member of the Football Manager-based Forum The Dugout Community's The Third Half ( TTH ) section.

Though Madero's letter was not a plan for major socioeconomic revolution, it offered the hope of change for many disadvantaged Mexicans.

Madero's vague promises of agrarian reforms attracted many peasants throughout Mexico.

Inheriting a country fraught with social and institutional woes resulting from the Cultural Revolution and other mass political movements of the Mao era, Deng became the core of the " second generation " of Chinese leadership.

Guatemala's " Liberal Revolution " came in 1871 under the leadership of Justo Rufino Barrios, who worked to modernize the country, improve trade, and introduce new crops and manufacturing.

This second Industrial Revolution gradually grew to include the chemical industries, petroleum refining and distribution, electrical industries, and, in the 20th century, the automotive industries, and was marked by a transition of technological leadership from Britain to the United States and Germany.

In the Mexican Revolution the Mexican Liberal Party was established and during the early 1910s it lead a series of military offensives leading to the conquest and occupation of certain towns and districts in Baja California with the leadership of anarcho-communist Ricardo Flores Magón.

Li authored a series of articles in New Youth on the subject of the October Revolution which had just occurred in Russia, during which the communist Bolshevik Party under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin ( 1870 – 1924 ) had seized power.

The very first politburo was created in Russia by the Bolshevik Party in 1917 to provide strong and continuous leadership during the Russian Revolution occurring during the same year.

< imagemap > File: 1970s decade montage. png | From left, clockwise: US President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office after the Watergate scandal in 1974 ; Refugees aboard a US naval boat after the Fall of Saigon, leading to the end of the Vietnam War in 1975 ; The 1973 oil crisis puts the nation of America in gridlock ; Both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978 ; The 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500, 000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan in November 1970 ; The Iranian Revolution of 1979 transformed Iran from an autocratic pro-western monarchy to a theocratic Islamist government under the leadership of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini ; The popularity of the disco music genre peaked during the middle to late 1970s .| 420px | thumb

* The Iranian Revolution of 1979 transformed Iran from an autocratic pro-western monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to a theocratic Islamist government under the leadership of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

The event caught the party leadership off guard: that Lin – already enshrined into the Party Constitution as Mao's " closest comrade-in-arms " and " successor " – could betray Mao de-legitimized a vast body of Cultural Revolution political rhetoric.

In Huang's view, rhetoric played a central role in rallying both the Party leadership and people at large during the Cultural Revolution.

To make sense of the mass chaos caused by Mao's leadership in the Cultural Revolution while preserving the Party's authority and legitimacy, Mao's successors needed to lend the event a " proper " historical judgment.

The Resolution boldly noted Mao's leadership role in the movement, stating that " chief responsibility for the grave ' Left ' error of the ' Cultural Revolution ,' an error comprehensive in magnitude and protracted in duration, does indeed lie with Comrade Mao Zedong ".

Most Western accounts consider that the actual leadership of the Cultural Revolution consisted of a wider group, referring predominantly to the members of the Central Cultural Revolution Group.

The Premier, Zhou Enlai, who had accepted the Cultural Revolution but never fully supported it, regained his authority, and used it to bring Deng Xiaoping back into the Party leadership at the 10th Party Congress in 1973.

Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the newly-born Islamic Republic, under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini, dramatically reversed the pro-Western foreign policy of the last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

After the successful consolidation of power by the Communist Party following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Russian Civil War, the Bolshevik leadership, including Lenin, instituted a ban on factions in the Russian Communist Party as Resolution No. 12 of the 10th Party Congress in 1921.

A regional official in Hunan between 1949 and 1971, he became the head of the party leadership in the province during the latter stages of the Cultural Revolution.

During his relatively short leadership, Hua was credited for quickly ousting the Gang of Four from political power and thus became the leader whose emergence marked the end of the Cultural Revolution.

The events of 1647, where rank and file soldiers organised themselves, under the leadership of the Agitators have been compared to the organisation of Soldiers Soviets during the Russian Revolution of 1917.

Tucholsky took the SPD to task in a particularly harsh manner, accusing its leadership of failure, even of betraying its own supporters, during the November Revolution.

Intensely patriotic, these authors wrote cynically of the political leadership that gave rise to the extreme chaos and disorder of the Cultural Revolution.

After the overthrow of the Romanov dynasty by the February Revolution in 1917, the Menshevik leadership led by Irakli Tsereteli demanded that the government pursue a " fair peace without annexations ", but in the meantime supported the war effort under the slogan of " defense of the revolution ".

Rundstedt's Corps disintegrated in the wake of defeat and the German Revolution, but while most officers were demobilised, he remained in the Army, apparently at the request of General Wilhelm Groener, who assumed leadership of the shattered Army.