With the advent of British rule during the 19th century, Madurai became the headquarters of a large colonial political complex and an industrial town – with the urbanisation, the social hierarchical classes became unitary.

The committee became a fully-fledged political party and was renamed the Indian National Democratic Congress at a state conference held in Madurai on September 28 – 29, 1957.

The Pandyan Kingdom finally became extinct after the establishment of the Madurai Sultanate in the 14th century.

The Pandyan Kingdom finally became extinct after the establishment of the Madurai Sultanate in the 16th century.

Pandya became the epithet of the first Pandyan king of Madurai, Kulasekharan Pandya as he was built like a bull.

Later, Ramanujam, Madurai Venugopal, Chinnappa, H. R. Seetharama Shastri and others became disciples of Chowdiah.

They became the Gingee Nayaks in Gingee Fort, the Tanjore Nayaks, and the Nayaks of Madurai.

Pandian became the epithet of the first Pandian king of Madurai, Kulasekharan Pandian as he was built like a bull.

The Madurai Sultanate, then seceded from Delhi functioned as an independent kingdom till its gradual annexation by the Vijayanagar Empire in 1378 CE.

These works describe a legend that deals mostly with the third Sangam at Madurai, and is so substantially different from that set out in Nakkirar's commentary that some authors such as Zvelebil speculate that it may be based on a different, and somewhat independent, tradition.

In the Tamil country Nayakas of Madurai, Tanjavur and Gingee established independent kingdoms, which to a great extant restored local stability in these regions.

He travelled from Colombo to Pamban, Rameshwaram, Ramnad, Madurai, Kumbakonam and Madras delivering lectures.

The word Madurai is derived from Madhura ( sweetness ) arising out of the divine nectar showered on the city by the Hindu god Shiva from his matted hair.

Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world with a recorded history from 3rd century BC.

The Pandyas were outsted from Madurai by the Chola dynasty during the early 9th century.

The National Highway 49, also known as Madurai Highway starts from Kundannur near Cochin and passes through Kolenchery, Muvattupuzha, Kothamangalam, Adimaly, Munnar, Theni, Madurai and finally terminates at Dhanushkodi.

A genetic study conducted in 1996 amongst Iyers of Madurai revealed close proximity to populations from Eurasian steppes of Central Asia.

There are daily trains from / to Chennai, Bangalore, Mysore, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Palakkad, Coimbatore, Erode, Tirupur, Tiruchirapalli, Salem, Karur, Madurai, Tirunelveli, Rameswaram, Tiruchendur, Dharmapuri and weekly trains to Tirupati, Visakhapatnam, Goa, Vijayawada, Nagpur, Jabalpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, Bhubaneshwar and to all main cities.

Early literature from the pre-Pallava dynasty period does not contain any mention of the Sangam academies, although some early poems imply a connection between the city of Madurai, which later legends associate with the third Sangam, and Tamil literature and the cultivation of the language.

There were 49 Pandiya kings starting from Mudattirumaran ( who came away from Kabadapuram to present Madurai ) to Ukkirapperu valudi were decedents and rulers of that period.

The Express Group has a Mumbai-headquartered division, which should not be confused with Express Publications Madurai, which brings out a South Indian chain of newspapers, including The New Indian Express and is very much a separate corporate entity from The Express Group.

Train services are available from Chennai, Bangalore, Madurai, Thoothukkudi, Tirunelveli and else where in India, up to Kovilpatti, which is 15 km from here.

He holds a degree in science from Madras University and a degree in music from Madurai Kamaraj University where he later served as professor of music.

T. V. Sankaranarayanan ( Tiruvalangadu Vembu Iyer Sankaranarayanan, born March 7, 1945 ) is an eminent and popular Carnatic vocalist ( South Indian classical singer ), known for his vibrant music that essentially stems from the style of his late uncle-guru, Madurai Mani Iyer.

At the age of nine, he started learning music from his uncle, Madurai Mani Iyer.

It is believed that the mud from Mana Madurai is of special quality.

The ambush which took place in the evening claimed the life of a Police Constable named Selvaraj from Madurai and seriously injured other police officers including Police officer Tamilselvan.

The period of known history of the region begins with the Iron age ( 1200 BC to 24 BC ) period during which Chera, Chola, Pandya ruled the South Indian country until 14th century A. D. Inscriptions on Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple shows that once Pandyan kingdom ruled from Himalayas in North to Kanyakumari in the South.

The city is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled, at different times, by the Early Pandyas, Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Later Pandyas, Ma ' bar Sultanate, Madurai Sultanate, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Chanda Sahib, Carnatic kingdom, and the British.

Founded in 1336, the Vijayanagara Empire ( named for its capital Vijayanagara ( Vijayanagar ), " City of Victory ," in present-day Karnataka ) expanded rapidly toward Madurai in the south and Goa in the west and exerted intermittent control over the east coast and the extreme southwest.

The political situation in south Tamil Nadu was confused with the decline of the Vijayanagar empire, and the once feudatory Nayak governors of Madurai, Thanjavur, Gingee and Mysore were quarrelling to divide the dissolving Vijayanagara Empire.

The Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Allahabad by his letter No. 123 / 5 / 1 / 62 / 1559 dated November 21, 1964 Communicated to Sourashtra Vidya Peetam, Madurai that the State Government were of the view that as only one book in Sourashtra Language had so far been submitted by Sourashtra Vidya Peetam for scrutiny, there was no point in examining the merits of only one book specially when the question regarding the usage of script-Hindi or Sourashtram, was still unsettled, and that the question of text books in Sourashtram might well lie over till a large number of books is available for scrutiny and for being prescribed as text books in Schools.

Madurai is closely associated with the Tamil language as all three primary congregations of Tamil scholars, the Tamil Sangams, were held in the city between the 3rd century BC and 3rd century CE.

After the Sangam age, most of present day Tamil Nadu, including Madurai, came under the rule of the Kalabhras dynasty, who were ousted by the Pandyas around 590 CE.

After the death of Kulasekara Pandian ( 1268 – 1308 CE ), Madurai came under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate.

Nayak rule ended in 1736 CE and Madurai was repeatedly captured several times by Chanda Sahib ( 1740 – 1754 CE ), Arcot Nawab and Muhammed Yusuf Khan ( 1725 – 1764 CE ) in the middle of 18th century.

Vishwanatha Nayak ( 1159 – 64 CE ), the first Madurai Nayak king, redesigned the city in accordance with the principles laid down by Shilpa Shastras ( Sanskrit:, also anglicized as silpa sastra meaning rules of architecture ) relevant to urban planning.

In 470 CE, a Dravida Sangha was established in Madurai by a Jain named Vajranandi.

There are plenty of caves as old as 4th century CE are found with Jain inscriptions and Jain deities around Madurai, Trichy, Kanyakumari, Tanjavur.

Thirumalai Nayak ruled Madurai between 1623 to 1659 CE.

Tirumalai Nayak succeeded Muttu Virappa Nayak on the Madurai throne in 1623 CE.