The book also presents the idea of Muslims, Jews and Christians, as well as their Persian and Semitic forebears, being Magian ; Mediterranean cultures of the antiquity such as Ancient Greece and Rome being Apollonian ; and the modern Westerners being Faustian.

Darius claimed that the real name of the usurper was Gaumata, a Magian priest from Media ; this name has been preserved by Justin i. 9 ( from Charon of Lampsacus?

Not being Muslim, Christian, Jewish or Magian, the caliph told them they were infidels and would have to become Muslims or adherents of one of the other religions recognized by the Qur ' an by the time he returned from his campaign against the Byzantines or he would kill them.

Another possibility is that it derives from a confusion between Muslims and the Zoroastrian Magi of ancient Iran: thus tyr-magian, or " Magian god ".

The concept of a magus takes its name from the priests of the Magian religion of the ancient Medes, who wielded considerable power and influence, until they were suppressed as a result of a revolt by the pretender Smerdis against Cambyses II.

* In his book World of Wonders writer Robertson Davies has narrator Magnus Eisengrim refer to Spengler's conception that the Middle Ages had a Magian World View, the view that the world was filled with wonders.

* 522 BC – Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta, securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.

After the killing, Patizeithes put his brother Gaumata, a Magian who resembled Bardiya, on the throne and declared him the Great King.

According to Herodotus, the name of the Magian usurper was Oropastes, but according to Ctesias it was Sphendadates.

The story is as follows: After the death of Cambyses, the Magian usurper Gaumâta, who did not belong to the Achaemenian dynasty, usurped the throne.

Antony's victory would have freed the Magian Culture, but his defeat imposed Roman Civilization on the young Culture.

There are peoples of Apollinian, Magian, and Faustian cast ... World history is the history of the great Cultures, and peoples are but the symbolic forms and vessels in which the men of these Cultures fulfill their Destinies.

Prior to his work on soma, theologians had interpreted the Vedic and Magian practices to have been based on alcoholic beverages that produced inebriation.

Smith also points that there were practices popular amongst Persians occurring in the Mauryan palaces the keeping of a sacred fire ( a Magian ritual ) in the Mauryan court, and the celebration of washing the king's hair.

The Roman ( Byzantine ) ancestry of Shirin is contradicted by Sebeos: ", in accordance with their Magian religion, had numerous wives.

Their origin is obscure ; they could originally be Babylonian, Ancient Egyptian, Magian, Persian or Hermetic, but by the time of Dorotheus of Sidon in the first century A. D. ( and probably earlier ) they had become an established tenet of Hellenistic astrological practice.

Pupils are allowed to select the other subjects they study from a list that includes French, Spanish, German, Latin, Classical Civilisation, Drama, Physical Education, Geography and History.

Whilst at Edinburgh University, Childe continued writing and publishing books on archaeology, beginning with a series of works that followed on from The Dawn of European Civilisation and The Aryans by compiling and synthesising data from across Europe.

* Tourist information and maps from the Museum of Dacian and Roman Civilisation

According to Clark, the series was created in answer to the growing criticism of Western Civilisation, from its value system to its heroes.

His comments on the subject of 1960s radical University students, from a final episode of Civilisation, are but one example of his extremely rational view of contemporary culture in all its various forms: " I can see them students still through the University of the Sorbonne, impatient to change the world, vivid in hope, although what precisely they hope for, or believe in, I don't know.

In addition to these core subjects pupils choose, in a wide variety of combinations, four other subjects from History, Geography, Latin, Classical Civilisation, Greek, German, Spanish, Italian, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Music, Art and Design Technology.

There are many to choose from including English Literature, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Latin, Greek, History, Geography, Economics, Business Studies, Ancient History, Classical Civilisation, Government and Politics, Religious Studies, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Design Technology, Physical Education, Music, Music Technology, Art, History of Art, Theatre Studies, Statistics and Photography.

* Discussion of psalteries, with image from the exhibition Making Musical Instruments: The making of musical instruments in Canada by the Canadian Museum of Civilisation

* Toby Wilkinson, The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt: the History of a Civilisation from 3000 BC to Cleopatra

The school offers Ancient Greek as a subject from Year 9 onwards, and Classical Civilisation is also available now as a GCSE.

Students may currently choose from the following subject offering: English Language and Literature, English Literature, Mathematics, Further Mathematics, French, Spanish, German, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Psychology, Latin, Classical Civilisation, History, Geography, Economics, Government and Politics, Computing, Drama, Music, Music Technology, Art & Design, Religious Studies and Physical Education.

The remaining three ( or four ) GCSEs may be chosen from a range of optional subjects, including a second modern foreign language, Latin or Classical Civilisation, Geography, History, Art, Design & Technology, Reigious Studies, Music or Drama.

Born in Afghanistan in 1944, Mohammad Hashim Kamali served as Professor of Islamic law and jurisprudence at the International Islamic University Malaysia, and also as Dean of the International Institute of Islamic Thought & Civilisation ( ISTAC ) from 1985-2007.

Logic in Theology and Ultimate Civilisation were volumes of essays reprinted in part from the Eclectic Review during 1859 and 1860, and were followed in turn by The Spirit of Hebrew Poetry ( London, 1861 ; numerous editions ), a volume of lectures, originally delivered at Edinburgh.

He earned a Ph. D in history from the University of Michigan, worked with Joseph Needham and is a contributor of Needham's Science and Civilisation in China.

The following year he gained a Diploma in French Language and Civilisation from the Sorbonne in Paris.

Civilisation came from obedience, respect for law and a " military bond ".

His exit from the TIFR gave Kosambi the opportunity to concentrate on his research in ancient Indian history culminating into his book, The Culture and Civilisation of Ancient India, which was published in 1965 by Routledge, Kegan & Paul.

The drainage system collapsed from destruction or neglect at or after the end of Mycenaean Civilisation ; in Classical Antiquity, the lake existed again.

In 1925, the company Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co published Childe's second book, The Dawn of European Civilisation, in which he synthesised the varied data about European prehistory that he had been exploring for many years.

Two were major series of monographs, " The History of Civilisation " and " The International Library of Psychology, Philosophy and Scientific Method "; the latter series included about 100 volumes after one decade.

He appeared in the television series Pornography: A Secret History of Civilisation ( 1999 ) and in a documentary about himself, I, the King of Porn ... the Adventurous Life of Lasse Braun ( 2001 ).

Art historian Kenneth Clark is credited with writing about the Ponts des Arts in his book Civilisation:

Point Civilisation was essentially a factory that existed to transform so called savages into Christians.

It is nearer to Delhi, indicating the spread of Indus Valley Civilisation up to this distance of North India.