Mali fell under the control of the French during the late 19th century.

Mali effectively fell into civil war.

Mali surged into a 3-0 lead in the first 55 minutes, with Tenema N ' Diaye registering a hat trick, but then fell apart, giving up three goals, including an own goal, in just seven minutes to end up with a 3-3 draw.

Mali effectively fell into civil war.

In particular, al-Umari recorded that the Mansa dispensed so much gold that its value fell in Egypt for a decade afterward, a story that is often repeated in describing the wealth of the Mali Empire.

Nineteen provinces of Burkina Faso are joined with contiguous areas of Mali and Niger under the Liptako-Gourma Authority, a regional economic organization.

Elsewhere during the Middle Ages, Islamic science and mathematics flourished under the Islamic caliphate established across the Middle East, extending from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Indus in the east and to the Almoravid Dynasty and Mali Empire in the south.

However, Islamist groups including the Ansar Dine and Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb ( AQIM ), turned on the MNLA and took control of the north, rejecting independence in favour of a Mali under Sharia.

Investments include the expansion of irrigated agriculture to improve food security, the construction of the Taoussa ( or Tossaye ) dam in Mali and the Kandadji Dam in Niger ( the latter has been under construction since August 2008 ), as well as the rehabilitation of the Kainji dam and Jebba dam in Nigeria.

It is known by historians that at its height the Mali Empire built a large naval fleet under Emperor Mansa Musa in the late 13th and early 14th century.

After the breakup of the Mali Federation, President Senghor and Prime Minister Mamadou Dia governed together under a parliamentary system.

At the same time, Senegal and Mauritania have cooperated successfully with Mali under the Senegal River Development Office ( Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du Fleuve Sénégal — OMVS ), which was formed in 1972 as a flood control, irrigation, and agricultural development project.

The Muslim Kong Empire was established by the Juula in the early eighteenth century in the north-central region inhabited by the Sénoufo, who had fled Islamization under the Mali Empire.

Responsibility for the worsening of the situation is widely attributed to the Northern people, though the quality of life under Houphouët-Boigny was mainly due to the sponsoring through the " Françafrique " system ( designed to consolidate the influence of France in Africa ), and the economy worked mainly thanks to a low-paid Burkinabé working class and immigrants from Mali.

The landscaped park from the 19th century near the bishop's palace is a horticultural monument under special protection as well as the nearby Small Park ( Mali Park ) dating from the turn of the 19th / 20th century.

They are the descendants of the Mali Empire, which rose to power under the rule of the great Mandinka king Sundiata Keita.

The Songhai state has existed in one form or another for over a thousand years if one traces its rulers from the first settlement in Gao to its semi-vassal status under the Mali Empire through its continuation in Niger as the Dendi Kingdom.

no: Mali under Sommer-OL 2004

There have been several Muslim empires in Western Africa which exerted considerable influence, notably the Mali Empire, which flourished for several centuries and the Songhai Empire, under the leadership of Mansa Musa, Sonni Ali and Askia Mohammed.

During Sonni Ali's reign, Songhai surpassed the height of the Mali Empire, engulfing areas under the Mali Empire ( and the Ghana Empire before it ).

It was under Mali that the great cities of the Niger bend-including Gao and Djenné-prospered, with Timbuktu in particular becoming known across Europe for its great wealth.

Mali existed under French Colonial rule as the nation of French Sudan.

Some of the historic cities in Mali which were under the control of the Bambara Empire.

In March 2003, Paradis announced that Canada would provide one hundred million dollars to Ethiopia, Senegal, Ghana, Mali, Mozambique, and Tanzania under the Canada Fund for Africa.

Unlike Ghana, Mali was a Muslim kingdom, and under it, the gold-salt trade continued.

It was under Mali that the great cities of the Niger bend — including Gao and Djenné — prospered, with Timbuktu in particular becoming known across Europe for its great wealth.

He proclaimed that the trab al-beidan ( a desert area that includes today's Mauritania, southern Morocco, Western Sahara and large swaths of northern Mali and southern-western Algeria ) was under the Sultan's rule.

* French West Africa-Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Guinea, Côte d ' Ivoire, Niger, Burkina Faso, and Benin

* Mali ( former French Sudan )

In the late 19th century, during the Scramble for Africa, France seized control of Mali, making it a part of French Sudan.

French Sudan ( then known as the Sudanese Republic ) joined with Senegal in 1959, achieving independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation.

In early 1959, French Sudan ( which changed its name to the Sudanese Republic ) and Senegal united to become the Mali Federation.

This empire, founded by El Hadj Umar Tall of the Toucouleur peoples, beginning in 1864, ruled eventually most of what is now Mali until the French conquest of the region in 1890.

In the months preceding the formation of the Malian armed forces, the French Armed Forces withdrew from their bases in Mali.

Within the colonial administration, borders were frequently changed, with Niger colony once possessing large portions of what is now Burkina Faso and Mali, as well as much of northern Chad, later associated with French Equatorial Africa.

In January 1959, Senegal and the French Sudan merged to form the Mali Federation, which became fully independent on 20 June 1960, as a result of the independence and the transfer of power agreement signed with France on 4 April 1960.

* Foltz, William J., " From French West Africa to the Mali Federation, Volume 12 of Yale studies in political science, p136, Yale University Press, 1965

Agreements with Liberia in 1892 and with Britain in 1893 determined the eastern and western boundaries of the colony, but the northern boundary was not fixed until 1947 because of efforts by the French government to attach parts of Upper Volta ( present-day Burkina Faso ) and French Sudan ( present-day Mali ) to Côte d ' Ivoire for economic and administrative reasons.

This was the first major inland conquest by the French, by which they eventually obtained all of Mauritania, Senegal and French Sudan ( now Mali ).

Since federalism was not favoured by the African countries, he decided to form, along with Modibo Keita, the Mali Federation with former French Sudan ( present day Mali ).

Jumbo ( 1861 – September 15, 1885 ) was a large African Bush Elephant, born 1861 in the French Sudan – present-day Mali – imported to a Paris zoo, transferred to the London Zoo in 1865.

Gradually, French control was established over much of Northern, Western, and Central Africa by the turn of the century ( including the modern nations of Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea, Mali, Ivory Coast, Benin, Niger, Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo ), and the east African coastal enclave of Djibouti ( French Somaliland ).

* Progressive Sudanese Party (), a former political party in French Soudan ( now Mali )

The French thrust into the African interior was mainly from the continent's Atlantic coast ( modern Senegal ) eastward, through the Sahel along the southern border of the Sahara, a territory covering modern Senegal, Mali, Niger, and Chad.

Gum Arabic continued to be exported in large quantities from the Sahel areas of French West Africa ( modern Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger ) and French Equatorial Africa ( modern Chad ) until these nations gained their independence in 1959-61.