Because Malpighi had a wide knowledge of both plants and animals, he made contributions to the scientific study of both.

Though Marcello Malpighi and Stephen Hales had shown that much of the substance of plants must be obtained from the atmosphere, no progress was made until Charles Bonnet observed on leaves plunged in aerated water bubbles of gas, which Joseph Priestley recognized as oxygen.

In 1671, Malpighi ’ s Anatomy of Plants was published in London by the Royal Society, and he simultaneously wrote to Mr. Oldenburg, telling him of his recent discoveries regarding the lungs, fibers of the spleen and testicles, and several other discoveries involving the brain and sensory organs.

A talented sketch artist, Malpighi seems to have been the first author to have made detailed drawings of individual organs of flowers.

Because Malpighi was concerned with teratology ( the scientific study of the visible conditions caused by the interruption or alteration of normal development ) he expressed grave misgivings about the view of his contemporaries that the galls of trees and herbs gave birth to insects.

* 1672 — Marcello Malpighi published the first description of chick development, including the formation of muscle somites, circulation, and nervous system.

Much early embryology came from the work of the great Italian anatomists: Aldrovandi, Aranzio, Leonardo da Vinci, Marcello Malpighi, Gabriele Falloppio, Girolamo Cardano, Emilio Parisano, Fortunio Liceti, Stefano Lorenzini, Spallanzani, Enrico Sertoli, Mauro Rusconi, etc.

Marcelo Malpighi in Italy began the analysis of biological structures beginning with the lungs.

* 1628 – Marcello Malpighi, Italian physician ( d. 1694 )

Marcello Malpighi.

Marcello Malpighi ( 10 March 1628 – 29 November 1694 ) was an Italian doctor, who gave his name to several physiological features, like the Malpighian tubule system.

Malpighi was born on March 10, 1628 at Crevalcore near Bologna, Italy.

The son of well-to-do parents, Malpighi was educated in his native city, entering the University of Bologna at the age of 17.

In a posthumous work delivered and dedicated to the Royal Society in London in 1697, Malpighi says he completed his grammatical studies in 1645, at which point he began to apply himself to the study of Peripatetic Philosophy.

In 1653, his father, mother, and grandmother being dead, Malpighi left his family villa and returned to the University of Bologna to study Anatomy.

Weary of philosophical disputation, in 1660, Malpighi returned to Bologna and dedicated himself to the study of anatomy.

At the end of the year 1666, Malpighi was invited by the Italian Senate to return to the public academy at Messina, which he did in 1667.

In 1668, Malpighi received a letter from Mr. Oldenburg of the Royal Society in London, inviting him to correspond.

Malpighi wrote his history of the silkworm in 1668, and sent the manuscript to Mr. Oldenburg.

As a result, Malpighi was made a member of the Royal Society in 1669.

Following many other discoveries and publications, in 1691, Malpighi was uprooted from his beloved home in Bologna and summoned to Rome by Pope Innocent XII as papal physician, which position he held until his death three years later.

Around the age of 38, and with a remarkable academic career behind him, Malpighi decided to dedicate his free time to anatomical studies.

Because of this work, many microscopic anatomical structures are named after Malpighi, including a skin layer ( Malpighi layer ) and two different Malpighian corpuscles in the kidneys and the spleen, as well as the Malpighian tubules in the excretory system of insects.

Following this, Marcello Malpighi, Hooke and two other early investigators associated with the Royal Society, Nehemiah Grew and Antoine van Leeuwenhoek were fortunate to have a virtually untried tool in their hands as they began their investigations.

Working on frogs and extrapolating to humans, Malpighi demonstrated the structure of the lungs, previously thought to be a homogeneous mass of flesh, and he offered an explanation for how air and blood mixed in the lungs.

Malpighi also used the microscope for his studies of the skin, kidneys, and liver.

For example, after he dissected a black male, Malpighi made some groundbreaking headway into the discovery of the origin of black skin.

They'd peddled the soap virtually alone, and without much success, until about a year ago, when -- with the addition of `` SX-21 '' to their secret formula and the inauguration of a high-powered advertising campaign -- sales had soared practically into orbit.

At Lee Simonson's house, I had dined with Edith Hamilton, the nonogenarian rationalist and the charming scholar who had a great popular success with The Greek Way.

She asked if I had other advice and, heady with success, I rushed it in, I hope not too late.

Why had not this success come to him before he had plunged into his Discourse, and before he had committed himself to a life of austerity and denial??

The president of the firm, calculating expenses alone, felt his costs had dropped one-half while success in selection had improved over one hundred per cent.

We may say that his attitude was foolish, since he may have been a success had he learned some human relations skills ; ;

It stated that it had lost 20,000,000 livres in its operations, and apparently blamed its poor success largely on the Indian trade.

The first singers who have had international success are Aissa Jermouni ( he sung at the Olympia in 1937 ) 307 and Ali Khencheli.

Tergui music is sung in Tuareg languages generally, Tinariwen had a world wide success.

Ray Charles is credited with the song's most well known rendition in current times ( although Elvis Presley had success with it in the 1970s ).

The Assyrians had better success than the Egyptians, annexing much Hittite ( and also Hurrian ) territories in these regions.

The success of his children's books was to become a source of considerable annoyance to Milne, whose self-avowed aim was to write whatever he pleased and who had, until then, found a ready audience for each change of direction: he had freed pre-war Punch from its ponderous facetiousness ; he had made a considerable reputation as a playwright ( like his idol J. M. Barrie ) on both sides of the Atlantic ; he had produced a witty piece of detective writing in The Red House Mystery ( although this was severely criticised by Raymond Chandler for the implausibility of its plot ).

" He had great success in reconnecting arteries and veins, and performing surgical grafts, and this led to his Nobel Prize in 1912 .< ref name = simmons >

But no attempt to identify the figures on existing gems with the personages of Gnostic mythology has had any success, and Abrasax is the only Gnostic term found in the accompanying legends which is not known to belong to other religions or mythologies.

Reinforced by Phocian and Orchomenian troops and a Spartan army, he met the confederate forces at Coronea in Boeotia, and in a hotly contested battle was technically victorious, but the success was a barren one and he had to retire by way of Delphi to the Peloponnese.

Despite his success against the Gepids, Alboin had failed to greatly increase his power, and was now faced with a much stronger threat from the Avars.

In spite of the success of the crusade, Alexios also had to repel numerous attempts on his territory by the Seljuqs in 1110 – 1117.

Alexios I had stabilized the Byzantine Empire and overcame a dangerous crisis, inaugurating a century of imperial prosperity and success.