Some proponents of Malthusian ideas believe that Malthus's theories have been widely misunderstood and misrepresented ; these proponents believe his reputation for pessimism and inhumanity is ill deserved.

Already Radical crowds were demonstrating against the harsh imposition of Malthusian ideas in the Poor Laws, and a slump was resulting in mass emigration.

The Whigs introduced reforming measures owing much to the ideas of the philosophic radicals, abolishing slavery and in 1834 introducing Malthusian Poor Law reforms which were bitterly opposed by " popular radicals " and writers like Thomas Carlyle.

Dejacque advocated " the transformation of work into ‘ attractive work ’... as the condition for the existence of the community: ‘ The organisation of attractive work by series would have replaced Malthusian competition and repulsive work .’ This organisation was not to be something exterior to productive activity.

He still supported natural selection as the engine of social progress, pointing out that " The more civilised so-called Caucasian races have beaten the Turkish hollow in the struggle for existence " and telling Graham that elimination of " lower races " by " higher civilised races " was inevitable in the progress of Malthusian struggle.

Another criticism is that Olduvai, like Malthusian population / food growth theories ( that population, if unchecked, increases at a geometric rate, whereas the food-supply grows at an arithmetic rate ) and related theories of pandemic food shortages, do not take into account technological and social changes.

The Social Darwinists ' view is derived from Charles Darwin's interpretation of evolution by natural selection, which is explicitly competitive (" survival of the fittest "), Malthusian (" struggle for existence "), even gladiatorial (" red in tooth and claw "), and permeated by the Victorian laissez-faire ethos of Darwin and his disciples ( such as T. H. Huxley and Herbert Spencer ).

Unified growth theories are endogenous growth theories that are consistent with the entire process of development, and in particular the transition from the epoch of Malthusian stagnation that had characterized most of the process of development to the contemporary era of sustained economic growth.

A common speculation suggests that the transition from Type 0 to Type I might carry a strong risk of self-destruction since, in some scenarios, there would no longer be room for further expansion on the civilization's home planet, similar to a Malthusian catastrophe.

His agrarian plan had offered the worker hope of escape back to the blessed country of his childhood or of his parents ' tales, away from the Malthusian Bastile, and in support of it he was ready to give his every pence.

Thomas Malthus's Essay on the Principle of Population, around late November 1838 he compared breeders selecting traits to a Malthusian Nature selecting from variants thrown up by chance so that " every part of newly acquired structure is fully practical & perfected ", thinking this " a beautiful part of my theory ".

Bemused at the way it had, from " sociological, technical, financial and Malthusian " causes become tribalised by class and species, he wrote Fishing for a Year ( 1951 ), arguing " for regression "-the pursuit of different fish, in separate places and varied methods throughout the licensed seasons.

Spencer supported the Whig Malthusian argument that programmes to aid the poor, ( i. e. the proletariat ) did more harm than good, in direct contrast to Tory paternalism, and to communism which advocated " to each according to their needs, from each according to their ability ".

Another one of the 19th century critics of Malthusian theory was Karl Marx who referred to it as " nothing more than a schoolboyish, superficial plagiary of De Foe, Sir James Steuart, Townsend, Franklin, Wallace " ( in Capital, see Marx's footnote on Malthus from Capital-reference below ).

The increase in food prices from 2007 to present has inspired further Malthusian arguments regarding the prospects for global food supply.

Around late November 1838 he compared breeders selecting traits with a Malthusian Nature selecting from variants thrown up by " chance " so that " every part of newly acquired structure is fully practical & perfected ", thinking this " a beautiful part of my theory " of how species originated.

Around late November 1838 he compared breeders selecting traits to a Malthusian Nature selecting from random variants, now thrown up by " chance ", and in mid-December described this comparison as " a beautiful part of my theory, that domesticated races of organics are made by precisely same means as species — but latter far more perfectly & infinitely slower ", so that in " species every part of newly acquired structure is fully practical & perfected.

Chapman asked Herbert Spencer to write about this divisive matter for the first issue, and Spencer's Theory of Population deduced from the General Law of Animal Fertility actually appeared in the second issue, supporting the painful Malthusian principle as both true and self-correcting.

Works such as Hardin's the tragedy of the commons ( 1968 ) reformulated Malthusian thought about abstract population increases causing famines into a model of individual selfishness at larger scales causing degradation of common pool resources such as the air, water, the oceans, or general environmental conditions.

In 1888, political economist William Petty wrote that larger populations should be a benefit to society, claiming “ t is more likely that one ingenious curious man may rather be found out amongst 4, 000, 000 than 400 persons .” Although a " conservationist " movement in the United States concerned itself with resource depletion and natural protection in the first half of the twentieth century, Desrochers and Hoffbauer write, " It is probably fair to say ... that it was not until the publication of Osborn ’ s and Vogt ’ s books that a Malthusian revival took hold of a significant segment of the American population.

Influenced by his understanding of Darwinism, Malthusian theory, and the Second Law of Thermodynamics, he came to believe the ancient doctrine of cycles in human affairs and in the universe.

* Publication of Fairfield Osborne's Our Plundered Planet, a Malthusian critique of human environmental destruction.

Savage takes a Malthusian view of the exponential growth of human population and life in general, and also recommends the exponential growth of blue-green algae for sustenance.

Many critics believe that the basis of Malthusian theory has been fundamentally discredited in the years since the publication of Principle of Population, often citing major advances in agricultural techniques and modern reductions in human fertility.

The Economist characterizes Knight's claim that voluntary human extinction is advisable due to limited resources as " Malthusian bosh ".

Sociologist Frank Furedi also deems VHEMT to be a Malthusian group, classifying them as a type of environmental organization that " the worst about the human species ".

A primary law of population ecology is the Malthusian growth model which states, " a population will grow ( or decline ) exponentially as long as the environment experienced by all individuals in the population remains constant.

A simple ( though approximate ) model of population growth is the Malthusian growth model.

A Malthusian catastrophe ( also known as Malthusian check ) was originally foreseen to be a forced return to subsistence-level conditions once population growth had outpaced agricultural production.

According to this view, the mere existence of billions of humans overstresses the ecology of the planet, eventually leading to a Malthusian collapse.

The intelligentsia in Russia had accepted the general phenomenon of evolution for several years before Darwin had published his theory, and scientists were quick to take it into account, although the Malthusian aspects were felt to be relatively unimportant.

A Malthusian catastrophe on Earth has been averted by the invention of teleportation, called the " Ramsbotham jump ", which is used to send Earth's excess population to colonize other planets.

At the time, some believed this lack of growth outside Britain was due to the ‘ Malthusian trap ’ theory ; Thomas Malthus argued before the start of the Industrial Revolution that it was the tendency of a population to expand beyond the limits of resource sustainability, at which point a crisis ( such as famine, war, or epidemic ) would reduce the population to a sustainable size.

England escaped the ‘ Malthusian trap ’ because the Industrial Revolution had a positive impact on living standards.

But that may not be a conflict of the ' self-interest ' of the organism with his or her genes, since a person using birth control may also be enhancing the survival chances of their genes by limiting family size to conform with available resources, thus avoiding extinction as predicted under the Malthusian model of population growth.

Luten has said that although the book is often seen as a seminal work in the field, the Population Bomb is actually best understood as " climaxing and in a sense terminating the debate of the 1950s and 1960s .” Ehrlich has said that he traced his own Malthusian beliefs to a lecture he heard Vogt give when he was attending university in the early 1950s.

The Population Bomb has been characterized by critics as primarily a repetition of the Malthusian catastrophe argument that population growth will outpace agricultural growth unless controlled.

Examples of observed phenomena often described as laws include the Titius-Bode law of planetary positions, Zipf's law of linguistics, Thomas Malthus's Principle of Population or Malthusian Growth Model, Moore's law of technological growth.

In the long term these effects can lead to increased conflict over dwindling resources and in the worst case a Malthusian catastrophe.

It wasn't until Binnie Dunlop, secretary of the Malthusian League, introduced her to Humphrey Verdon Roe, her future second husband, in 1917 that she received the boost that helped her publish her book.

The Olduvai theory claims that exponential growth of energy production ended in 1979, that energy use per capita will show no growth through 2008, and that after 2008 energy growth will become sharply negative, culminating, after a Malthusian catastrophe, in a world population of 2 billion circa 2050.

During this stage, the society evolves in accordance with Malthusian paradigm, with population essentially determined by the food supply.

The book opens at the eponymous congress, a light-heartedly grim Malthusian parody of the state of the world.

* Eversley, D. E. C. Social Theories of Fertility and the Malthusian Debate ( 1959 ) online edition