Many scholars consider modern anthropology as an outgrowth of the Age of Enlightenment, a period when Europeans attempted to study human behavior systematically, the known varieties of which had been increasing since the fifteenth century as a result of the first European colonization wave.

Many of the early building societies were based in taverns or coffeehouses, which had become the focus for a network of clubs and societies for co-operation and the exchange of ideas among Birmingham's highly active citizenry as part of the movement known as the Midlands Enlightenment.

Many Enlightenment thinkers ( such as Adam Smith and the American Founding Fathers ) subscribed to this view to some extent, and it remains influential among so-called classical liberals and libertarians.

Many other factors involved resentments and aspirations given focus by the rise of Enlightenment ideals.

Many assumed the Estates-General would approve future taxes, and Enlightenment ideals were relatively rare.

Many backfired on him, and were opposed by the aristocracy who had much to lose from these " Enlightenment " era reforms, especially the fear of a weakened or toppled political and economic elite.

Many of those who energised the Scottish Enlightenment were members of the Poker Club in Edinburgh.

Many postmodern writers and some feminists ( e. g. Jane Flax ) have made similar arguments, likewise seeing the Enlightenment conception of reason as totalitarian, and as not having been enlightened enough since, for Adorno and Horkheimer, though it banishes myth it falls back into a further myth, that of individualism and formal ( or mythic ) equality under instrumental reason.

Many Greek merchants and travelers were influenced by the ideas of the French revolution and a new Age of Greek Enlightenment was initiated at the beginning of 17th century in many Ottoman occupied Greek cities and towns.

Many of these based their thinking on occult knowledge allegedly handed down through the ages, from the Orient to the Knights Templar and, finally, to the Freemasons and the Rosicrucians who flourished during the Age of Enlightenment.

Many people, primarily in England, began to view slavery as cruel and unjust as The Enlightenment swept across the nation.

Many of the players in the LCP overlapped with four other major HIP orchestral ensembles, the Academy of Ancient Music, the English Concert, the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, and the English Baroque Soloists.

Many generations of Europeans have read or imitated them, including Michel de Montaigne and the Renaissance Humanists and Enlightenment philosophers.

Many key Enlightenment figures were French nobles, such as Montesquieu, whose full name was Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu.

Many definitions of art have been proposed by philosophers and others who have characterized art in terms of mimesis, expression, communication of emotion, or other values.

Many philosophers say that properties and relations have an abstract existence, and that physical objects have a concrete existence.

Many philosophers have attempted to reduce the number of distinct ontological categories.

Many philosophers have argued that consciousness is a unitary concept that is understood intuitively by the majority of people in spite of the difficulty in defining it.

Many philosophers consider experience to be the essence of consciousness, and believe that experience can only fully be known from the inside, subjectively.

Many physicists and philosophers have objected to the Copenhagen interpretation, both on the grounds that it is non-deterministic and that it includes an undefined measurement process that converts probability functions into non-probabilistic measurements.

Many other philosophers have posited cosmological arguments both before and since Aquinas.

Many philosophers have chosen instead to leave some terms undefined.

Many philosophers argue to the contrary, believing that, for example, the laws of thought cannot be revised and may be " held come what may ".

Many famous personalities, philosophers, artists and poets fought as hoplites.

Many philosophers strongly oppose this view.

Many philosophers would say surely not, as would common sense.

Many philosophers believe that mathematics is not experimentally falsifiable, and thus not a science according to the definition of Karl Popper.

Many current and recent philosophers — e. g., Daniel Dennett, Willard Van Orman Quine, Donald Davidson, John Rogers Searle, and Jerry Fodor — operate within a broadly physicalist or materialist framework, producing rival accounts of how best to accommodate mind — functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory, and so on.

Many philosophers have criticized Objectivist ethics.

Many philosophers would disagree, claiming that the term " pessimism " is being abused.

Many elements of his philosophy have precedents in late Aristotelianism, the revived Stoicism of the 16th century, or in earlier philosophers like St. Augustine.

Many philosophers accept that Plantinga successfully solves the logical problem of evil, as he appears to have shown that God and evil are logically compatible, though others demur.

Many philosophers and theologians have expounded and criticized different versions of the teleological argument.

Many philosophers and theologians regard this puzzle about omnipotence as not a very serious problem.

" Many Greek philosophers, especially Platonists, would often describe Sparta as an ideal state, strong, brave, and free from the corruptions of commerce and money.

Many renowned Indian philosophers such as Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Ananda Coomaraswamy and others used the writing of Plotinus in their own texts as a superlative elaboration upon Indian monism, specifically Upanishadic and Advaita Vedantic thought.

Many philosophers have offered critiques of dialectic, and it can even be said that hostility or receptivity to dialectics is one of the things that divides twentieth-century Anglo-American philosophy from the so-called " continental " tradition, a divide that only a few contemporary philosophers ( among them, G. H.

Many philosophers dispute whether we are committed to such entities at all.

Many Red Guard units collapsed under the weight of the assault and several detachments retreated in panic, while some units defended their posts relentlessly, and were able to slow the advance of the White Guards, who were unaccustomed to offensive warfare.

Many regarded him as the most intrepid champion that had ever defended the rights of the clergy against the oligarchy of Erastian prelates.

Many Shaido warriors focused their attacks on Masema's army, whose position was not as well defended as the Two Rivers bowmen.

Many of the staff involved with the game and other Wolf Team members, who had backed up and defended the three during the controversy, also followed.

Many land owners in the United Kingdom have, in the past, strongly defended their property rights ( see Inclosure Acts ).

Many defended psychiatry, arguing that as psychiatric diagnosis relies largely on the patient's report of their experiences, faking their presence no more demonstrates problems with psychiatric diagnosis than lying about other medical symptoms.

" Many within SAC, however, welcomed the opportunity to fly into the heavily defended airspace of North Vietnam, hoping to finally prove the viability of manned bombers in a sophisticated Soviet-style air defense network of surface-to-air missiles ( SAMs ), anti-aircraft artillery and MiG interceptors.

Many prosimians use territorial marking ; for example, the Red-bellied Lemur creates territories for groups of two to ten individuals in the rainforests of eastern Madagascar by scent marking: the male Diademed Sifaka also scent marks defended territories in some of these same rainforests.

Many moderate politique Catholics defended the idea of Gallicanism, of making a distinction between the State and Religion, of a unitary and undivided royal sovereignty ( against exterior influence or internal divisions ), and of privileging national security and peace.

Many of these early games involved a ball that was thrown at a target while an opposing player defended the target by attempting to hit the ball away.

Many of the defendants in the Star Routes trials were successfully defended by noted lawyer and orator, Robert Ingersoll.

Many Calvinistic ministers defended the doctrine of particular redemption by denying the Arminian view of duty faith.

" Many Calvinistic ministers have defended the doctrine of limited atonement by defending the doctrine of a literal payment for the sins of the elect by the atonement of Jesus Christ.

Many Māori politicians defended the electorates, saying that they were necessary to ensure Māori representation in Parliament.

Many defended the choice of putting Acuña against world champions right away, based on her karate record of 17 wins, 1 loss and 1 draw ( tie ).

Many parents and the leadership of the school defended Wyneken.

Many Jewish leaders and journalists have criticised Seven Jewish Children as antisemitic, contending that it violates the rule that " a play that is critical of, and entirely populated by, characters from one community, can be defended only if it is written by a member of that community ".