Many chemical properties of astatine have been determined using tracer studies on extremely dilute astatine solutions.

Many experts at the time, including Arthur Galston, the biologist who developed and intensively studied TCDD, opposed herbicidal warfare, due to concerns about the side effects to humans and the environment by indiscriminately spraying the chemical over a wide area.

Many other chemical products are generated by large-scale reduction, often via hydrogenation.

Many manufacturers like Taiyo Yuden use proprietary chemical additives to make more stable cyanine discs (" metal stabilized Cyanine ", " Super Cyanine ").

Many writings, up until about 1925, also refer to a " law of chemical affinity ".

Many chaparral plant species require some fire cue ( heat, smoke, or charred wood, and chemical changes in the soil following fires ) for germination.

Many elements and chemical compounds aside from these form diatomic molecules when evaporated.

Many products are advertised as " herbal viagra " or " natural " sexual enhancement products, but no clinical trials or scientific studies support the effectiveness of these products for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, and synthetic chemical compounds similar to sildenafil have been found as adulterants in many of these products.

Many mineral groups and species are composed of a solid solution ; pure substances are not usually found because of contamination or chemical substitution.

Many different fluorescent dyes can be used to stain different structures or chemical compounds.

Many chemical mutagens require biological activation to become mutagenic.

Many of tabun's chemical precursors were so corrosive that reaction chambers not lined with quartz or silver soon became useless.

Many commercially important polymers are synthesized by chemical modification of naturally occurring polymers.

Many other chemical reactions ( e. g., cyanylation ) have been applied to proteins by chemists, although they are not found in biological systems.

Many mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical and chemical properties of solids are the direct consequence of Pauli exclusion.

Many quantum chemical studies assume the nuclei are at rest ( Born – Oppenheimer approximation ).

Many different definitions have been proposed — some based on density, some on atomic number or atomic weight, and some on chemical properties or toxicity.

Many butterflies use chemical signals, pheromones, and specialized scent scales ( androconia ) and other structures ( coremata or " hair pencils " in the Danaidae ) are developed in some species.

: Many large factories and other industrial centres, such as chemical plants, oil refineries, breweries and distilleries have ambulance services provided by employers as a means of protecting their interests and the welfare of their staff.

Many of these psychedelics cause remarkably similar effects, despite their different chemical structure.

Many modern chemical herbicides for agriculture are specifically formulated to decompose within a short period after application.

Many organic molecules, as with inorganic molecules, form crystals that incorporate water into the crystalline structure without chemical alteration of the organic molecule ( water of crystallization ).

Many German companies had stock in Degesch, but all eventually sold their shares to the chemical giant Degussa ( now part of Evonik Industries ) in the early 1920s.

Many kinds of polyethylene are known, but they almost always have the chemical formula ( C < sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 4 </ sub >)< sub > n </ sub > H < sub > 2 </ sub >.

Many traditional regional cuisines rely on basic methods of preservation such as drying, salting, pickling and fermentation.

Many pickled or soured foods are fermented as part of the pickling or souring process, but many are simply processed with brine, vinegar, or another acid such as lemon juice.

Many processes are close to adiabatic and can be easily approximated by using an adiabatic assumption, but there is always some heat loss ; as no perfect insulators exist.

Many catalytic processes, especially those used in organic synthesis, require so called " late transition metals ", which include palladium, platinum, gold, ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium.

Many fine chemicals are prepared via catalysis ; methods include those of heavy industry as well as more specialized processes that would be prohibitively expensive on a large scale.

Many such short processes involve a few changes to traditional methods, including smaller, more homogenized pieces in the compost, controlling carbon to nitrogen ( CN ) ratio at 30 to 1 or less, and monitoring the moisture level more carefully.

Many important processes involve photochemistry.

Many processes for software development were in their infancy, with few standard or " best practice " approaches defined.

Many overlapping methods and processes can be seen when comparing Product design, Industrial design and Engineering.

Many processes designed to preserve food will involve a number of food preservation methods.

Many inductors used in radio applications ( usually less than 100 MHz ) use adjustable cores in order to tune such inductors to their desired value, since manufacturing processes have certain tolerances ( inaccuracy ).

Many polyketides are cyclic molecules whose backbones are often further modified by glycosylation, methylation, hydroxylation, oxidation, and / or other processes.

Many innovations and technical refinements have been made in printing processes and presses over the years, including the development of presses with multiple units ( each containing one printing plate ) that can print multi-color images in one pass on both sides of the sheet, and presses that accommodate continuous rolls ( webs ) of paper, known as web presses.

Many observations have indicated that programmed cell death plays a considerable role during physiological processes of multicellular organisms, particularly during embryogenesis and metamorphosis.

Many properties of neurons, from the type of neurotransmitters used to ion channel composition, are maintained across species, allowing scientists to study processes occurring in more complex organisms in much simpler experimental systems.

Many catabolic biochemical processes, such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and beta oxidation, produce the reduced coenzyme NADH.

Many abstractions, including eternal objects, are potential ingredients of processes.

Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, and deplete natural resources, to the detriment of the Earth and its environment.

Many thermodynamic processes can be modeled by compound or composite systems, consisting of several or many contiguous component simple systems, initially not in thermodynamic equilibrium, but allowed to transfer mass and energy between them.

Many industrial processes rely on reactions using chemicals dissolved in water, suspension of solids in water slurries or using water to dissolve and extract substances.

Many legal and taxation processes culminated in this decade that led to the formation of Tax Havens and Corporate Havens throughout the developed world.

Many underlying processes, such as collision detection and network processing, run at different or inconsistent frequencies or in different physical components of a computer.

Many naturally-occurring radioisotopes ( another 51 or so, for a total of about 339 ) exhibit still shorter half-lives than 80 million years, but they are made freshly, as daughter products of decay processes of primordial nuclides ( for example, radium from uranium ) or from ongoing energetic reactions, such as cosmogenic nuclides produced by present bombardment of Earth by cosmic rays ( for example, carbon-14 made from nitrogen ).

Many of his works discuss ethical aspects of industrial inventions and processes already anticipated in the first half of the 20th century.

Many Green party constitutions are configured to prevent the party bureaucracy from accumulating too much power in the organization, in favor of more decentralized or member driven processes.

Many welding processes require the use of a particular joint designs ; for example, resistance spot welding, laser beam welding, and electron beam welding are most frequently performed on lap joints.