Songs from China and Japan were reserved exclusively for Miss Mao, who is a native of China, and those of the British Isles were sung by Mr. Fuller, who is English by birth.

On the contrary, Miss Mao and Mr. Fuller chose many of their arrangements from the works of composers such as Mendelssohn, Dvorak, Canteloube, Copland and Britten.

The Communists, tipped-off that a Nationalist offensive was imminent, retreated in the Long March, during which Mao Zedong rose from a mere military official to the most influential leader of the Communist Party of China.

Inheriting a country fraught with social and institutional woes resulting from the Cultural Revolution and other mass political movements of the Mao era, Deng became the core of the " second generation " of Chinese leadership.

Some examples of democide cited by Rummel include the Great Purges carried out by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union, the deaths from the colonial policy in the Congo Free State, and Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward, which resulted in a famine killing millions of people.

However, claims from Jung Chang and Jon Halliday's controversial Mao: the Unknown Story allege that Mao knew about the famine from the beginning but didn't care, and eventually Mao had to be stopped by a meeting of 7, 000 top Communist Party members.

Before leaving, Lee learns from his teacher that Han's bodyguard O ' Hara ( Robert Wall ) had been involved in the death of his sister, Su Lin ( Angela Mao ), years ago, when she committed suicide to save herself from dishonour after being cornered by O ' Hara and a collection of Han's thugs.

Albanian-Chinese relations had stagnated by 1970, and when the Asian giant began to reemerge from isolation in the early 1970s, Mao and the other Communist Chinese leaders reassessed their commitment to tiny Albania.

There was friction between Stalin and Mao from the beginning.

According to the latter usage, in 1978 the CPC Central Committee denounced as " ultra-left " the line of Mao Zedong from 1956 until his death in 1976.

* Canzone 3. Utinam ( 1972 ) ( text from the Book of Job ) for soprano, piano, 1962 ; Thanh Hoa ( text by Nguyen Thay Mao ), voice, piano

In other international issues, Beria ( along with Mikoyan ) correctly foresaw the victory of Mao Zedong in the Chinese Civil War and greatly helped the communist success by letting the Communist Party of China use Soviet-occupied Manchuria as a staging area and arranging huge weapons shipments to the People's Liberation Army, mainly from the recently-captured equipment of the Japanese Kwantung Army.

Following his mother's example, Mao also became a practising Buddhist from an early age, venerating a bronze statue of the Buddha which was in their home, but abandoned this faith in his mid-teenage years.

Reacting against his Confucian upbringing, aged 10 Mao ran away from home, heading for what he believed was a nearby town, but eventually his father found him and brought him home.

Mao would later claim that he first developed a " political consciousness " from that booklet.

The Xinhai Revolution over, Mao resigned from the army in 1912, after six months of being a soldier.

It had been during this period that Mao had first learned of the imported western concept of socialism from a newspaper article, and intrigued, he read several pamphlets by Jiang Kanghu ( 1883 – 1954 ), a student who had founded the Chinese Socialist Party in November 1911.

Having passed his exams, Mao graduated from the school in the spring of 1918.

The strike did secure some concessions, but Mao and other student leaders felt that they were now under threat from the furious Zhang, and were sent as representatives to China's provincial centers ; thus, Mao once again traveled to Peking.

The most notable examples are Sun Yat-Sen's Three Principles of the People ideology and Mao Zedong's Maoism, a variant of Marxism – Leninism.

In China, the claim that Mao had " adapted Marxism – Leninism to Chinese conditions " evolved into the idea that he had updated it in a fundamental way applying to the world as a whole ; consequently, the term " Marxism – Leninism – Mao Zedong Thought " ( commonly known as Maoism ) was increasingly used to describe the official Chinese state ideology as well as the ideological basis of parties around the world who sympathized with the Communist Party of China ( such as the Communist Party of the Philippines, Marxist – Leninist / Mao Zedong Thought, founded by Jose Maria Sison in 1968 ).

Following the death of Mao, Peruvian Maoists associated with the Communist Party of Peru ( Sendero Luminoso ) subsequently coined the term Marxism – Leninism – Maoism, arguing that Maoism was a more advanced stage of Marxism.

The People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong developed its own unique brand of Marxism – Leninism known as Maoism.

Mao believed that Khrushchev was not adhering to Marxism – Leninism, but was instead a revisionist, altering his policies from basic Marxist concepts, something Mao feared would allow capitalists to eventually regain control of the country.

Before he transferred power to a younger generation of leaders, Jiang had his theory of Three Represents written into the Party's constitution, alongside Marxism – Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, and Deng Xiaoping Theory at the 16th CPC Congress in 2002.

Mao, thus, wrote off what he called " Western bourgeois civilization " and instead embraced Marxism – Leninism as the ideology of the Chinese state.

Mao Zedong believed the new Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev had made a serious error in his Secret Speech denouncing Stalin, and criticized the Soviet Union's interpretation of Marxism – Leninism, in particular Khrushchev's support for peaceful co-existence and its interpretation.

Wang was also a major political rival of Mao Zedong during the 1930s, opposing what he saw as Mao's nationalist deviation from the Comintern and orthodox Marxism and Leninism lines.

In particular, unlike Mao, who was a pragmatist and politician who learned all his tactics from the Chinese history rather than from the Marxism and Leninism classics, Wang was a zealot of Marxism and Leninism.

For instance, Rummel only recently classified Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward as democide.

Returning his attention to education, Mao enrolled and dropped out of a series of schools in quick succession ; a police academy, a soap-production school, a law school and an economics school, the latter being the only course which his father approved of.

In 1963, the Chinese Communist Party began to openly denounce the Soviet Union, publishing a series of nine polemics against its Marxist revisionism, with one of them being titled On Khrushchev's Phoney Communism and Historical Lessons for the World, in which Mao charged that Khrushchev was not only a revisionist but also increased the danger of capitalist restoration.

" The only way to identify these people was through " the telescope and microscope of Mao Zedong Thought.

In the same month, at the 12th Plenum of the 8th Party Congress, Liu Shaoqi was " forever expelled from the Party ", and Lin Biao was made the Party's Vice-Chairman, Mao's " comrade-in-arms " and " designated successor ", his status and fame in the country was second only to Mao.

Yet another international event would have a large impact on not only Mao but also the Chinese intelligensia was the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.

" The only new emphasis was Mao ’ s concern with two types of subjectivist deviation: 1 ) Dogmatism, the excessive reliance upon abstract theory ; 2 ) Empiricism, excessive dependence on experience.

It was only when the famine had wrought its worst that Mao was forced to reverse agricultural collectivisation policies, which were effectively dismantled in 1978.

According to records from Japanese documents, Mao Changxi ( 毛昶熙 ) and Dong Xun ( 董恂 ), the Qing ministers at Zongli Yamen ( 總理衙門 ) who handled the complaints from Japanese envoy Yanagihara Sakimitsu ( 柳原前光 ) replied first that they had heard only of a massacre of Ryūkyūans, not of Japanese, and quickly noted that Ryūkyū was under Chinese suzerainty, therefore this issue was not Japan's business.

The bitter struggles of the Long March, which was completed by only one-tenth of the force that left Jiangxi, would come to represent a significant episode in the history of the Communist Party of China, and would seal the personal prestige of Mao and his supporters as the new leaders of the party in the following decades.

In most variants of Mao, no unnecessary speech is allowed, and one may only speak when required to do so by the rules.

Stacking penalties at this point can cause much grief to a player who has gleefully placed his last card down and proclaimed ' Mao ', only to discover that he has broken some rule.

Jiang forced her own daughter with Mao to divorce her husband because her husband was only a farmer, causing Jiang's daughter to go insane.

Upon being contacted by Hua Guofeng, Jiang Qing returned from her trip and spent only a few moments in the hospital's Building 202, where Mao was being treated.

Mao Zedong's Three Worlds Theory is described as realpolitik by his critics, including Enver Hoxha, who point out that it was not based in a strong ideological basis, being used only to justify China's alignment with the United States rather than the Soviet Union.

Because of his past mistakes, amongst other factors, Mao was reluctant to designate any more successors, which only clouded the political situation further.

Deng knew that Mao would soon be gone, and that he only needed to wait a short while.

The Chinese Communist Party only managed to survive the purges by fleeing to the northern frontier in the Long March of 1934-5, during which Mao Zedong emerged as leader.

As the Cultural Revolution and the personality cult of Mao Zedong was approaching its apogee in February 1967, only two others works were officially authorized for wide publication and distribution: Vladimir Lenin's, The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism, and Friedrich Engels ' Socialism: Utopian and Scientific.

Mao's personal physician Li Zhisui, on the other hand, suggests that the campaign was " a gamble, based on a calculation that genuine counterrevolutionaries were few, that rebels like Hu Feng had been permanently intimidated into silence, and that other intellectuals would follow Mao's lead, speaking out only against the people and practices Mao himself most wanted to subject to reform.

In a later speech made by Mao titled On the Correct Handling of the Contradictions Among the People, Mao displayed open support for the campaign, saying " Our society cannot back down, it could only progress ... criticism of the bureaucracy is pushing the government towards the better.

In 1976 the U. S. State department estimated that there may have been a million killed in the land reform ; Mao estimated that only 800, 000 landlords were killed.

Because the Soviet Union was the only communist country then equipped with a fully modern, professional army, Peng attempted to reform China's military on the Soviet model over the next several years, making the army less political and more professional ( contrary to the political goals of Mao ).