Instead Mao directed the CPC forces to concentrate on absorbing, and eliminating if necessary, Chinese militia behind enemy lines.

* Mao, a film directed by Thomas Rudolph revolving around the game-" Lying, Cheating, Deceiving, ungentlemanly conduct, taking the name of the game in vain "

Arriving in Yan ' an, Zhu directed the reconstruction of the Red Army under the political guidance of Mao.

Mao directed China's general strategy, and Zhou was appointed general commander, coordinating Peng's forces with the Soviet and North Korean governments, and the rest of the Chinese government.

" CCP propagandists made an effort to discredit Peng's military career by portraying it as a long string of failures, except for those battles that were supposedly directed closely by Mao Zedong, and to convince the Chinese people that Peng was a subhuman villain who should be destroyed without compassion or mercy.

Mao Zedong, perceiving that the public security cadres were protecting precisely the party leaders he wished to purge, directed youthful Red Guards to crush the police, courts, and procuratorates as well.

Lin attempted to reform China's armed forces based on political criteria: he abolished all signs and privileges of rank, purged members considered sympathetic to the USSR, directed soldiers to work part-time as industrial and agricultural workers, and indoctrinated the armed forces in Mao Zedong Thought.

Lin directed the compilation of some of Chairman Mao's writings into a handbook, the Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong, which became known as the Little Red Book.

Following the lead of Mao, in 1966 Lin directed Red Guards in Beijing to " smash those persons in power who are traveling the capitalist road, the bourgeoisie reactionary authorities, and all royalists of the bourgeoisie, and to forcibly destroy the " four olds ": old culture, old ideas, old customs, and old habits.

After Mao died, the Gang of Four also directed the campaign against Hua Guofeng, who was named Mao's successor.

In addition, he directed productions for the Santa Fe Opera, notably Bright Sheng's Madame Mao in 2003, continuing his association with general director Richard Gaddes, which had begun during the latter's tenure at OTSL.

Following the death of Mao in 1976, however, the CPC under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping moved towards Socialism with Chinese characteristics and instituted Chinese economic reform.

Inheriting a country fraught with social and institutional woes resulting from the Cultural Revolution and other mass political movements of the Mao era, Deng became the core of the " second generation " of Chinese leadership.

The death of Mao eventually saw the Deng Xiaoping politically outmaneuver Mao's chosen successor to power in the People's Republic of China.

* Mao, Chinese empress and wife of Fu Deng ( Former Qin )

By 1962, while Zhou, Liu and Deng managed affairs of state and the economy, Mao had effectively withdrawn from economic decision-making, and focused much of his time on further contemplating his contributions to Marxist-Leninist social theory, including the idea of " continuous revolution ".

With a fragile economy and Zhou falling ill to cancer, Deng Xiaoping resumed his political career as Vice-Premier in April 1973, in the first of a series of promotions approved by Mao.

By late 1975 however, Mao saw that Deng's economic restructuring might negate the legacy of the Cultural Revolution, and launched a campaign to oppose " rehabilitating the case for the rightists ", alluding to Deng as the country's foremost " rightist ".

On January 15 Deng Xiaoping delivered Zhou's official eulogy in a funeral attended by all of China's most senior leaders with the notable absence of Mao himself, who had grown increasingly critical of Zhou.

Curiously, after Zhou's death, Mao selected neither a member of the Gang of Four nor Deng Xiaoping to become Premier, instead choosing the relatively unknown Hua Guofeng.

Years of resentment over the Cultural Revolution, the public persecution of Deng Xiaoping ( who was seen as Zhou's ally ), and the prohibition against publicly mourning Zhou became associated with each other shortly after Zhou's death, leading to popular discontent against Mao and the Gang of Four.

Hua spearheaded what became known as the Two Whatevers, namely, “ Whatever policy originated from Chairman Mao, we must continue to support ,” and “ Whatever directions were given to us from Chairman Mao, we must continue to follow .” Like Deng, Hua wanted to reverse the damage of the Cultural Revolution ; but unlike Deng, who wanted to propose new economic models for China, Hua intended to move the Chinese economic and political system towards Soviet-style planning of the early 1950s.

Deng Xiaoping famously summed this up with the phrase " Mao was 70 % good, 30 % bad.

Deng also separated Mao from Maoism, making it clear that Mao was fallible and hence that the truth of Maoism comes from observing social consequences rather than by using Mao's quotations as holy writ, as was done in Mao's lifetime.

In addition, the party constitution has been rewritten to give the capitalist ideas of Deng Xiaoping prominence over those of Mao.

What is today called the " international Maoist movement " evolved out of the second campthe parties that opposed Deng and claimed to uphold the legacy of Mao.

However, Deng stated that the revolutionary side of Maoism should be considered separate from the governance side, leading to his famous epithet that Mao was " 70 % good, 30 % bad ".

The removal of this group from power is sometimes considered to have marked the end of the Cultural Revolution, which had been launched by Mao in 1966 as part of his power struggle with leaders such as Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping and Peng Zhen.

He favoured links with the China, visiting Mao Tse-tung in Beijing in 1974 and 1975 and remaining an honoured guest in China on frequent visits thereafter and forming a close relationship with Mao's successor Deng Xiaoping.

Following a major reshuffling of official roles, Mao became the chairman of the Military Commission, with Zhou and Deng Xiaoping as vice-chairmen.

By the mid 1970s, Jiang Qing also spearheaded the campaign against Deng Xiaoping ( afterwards saying that this was inspired by Mao ).

In addition to the purge of Chen, Mao asked Lin's principal generals to write self-criticisms on their political positions as a warning to Lin.

Mao would later write of this period:

Apart from editing, Mao Dun also started to write about his social thoughts and criticisms.

In order to correct the mistakes of the Great Leap Forward Liu and Deng led economic reforms, which bolstered their prestige among the party apparatus and the national populace. Once he said to Mao :" People write books about cannibalism!

One of the more notable poets of this time was Mao Xiuhui, a 16th century poet that used the plight of her husband's failed attempt at gaining a position as civil servant to write a poem that draws parallels between the male and female as they suffer hardships in the political and domestic arenas respectively.

According to Otto Braun, Lin was " politically ... a blank sheet on which Mao could write as he pleased " during this period.

Lin often read speeches prepared by others, and allowed his name to be placed on articles that he did not write, as long as these materials supported Mao.

Zhou repaid Lin's assistance by giving him excessive public praise three months later, in August, but was forced to write a formal apology to Lin after Lin complained to Mao that such praise was inappropriate.

Chang and Halliday write that “ Shi Zhe observed that Kang was living in a state of deep fear of Mao in this period ” because of his murky past, which had been raised with Mao in many letters from cadres and by the Russians, yet " Far from being put off by Kang ’ s murky past, Mao positively relished it.

Fan told Mao that he wanted to stay in Shaanbei ( 陝北 ); in order to get more information about Communist Party of China, so that he could write a few book on them to propagate the party.

The British-Chinese writer Jung Chang and her historian husband, Jon Halliday, in their 2005 biography of Mao, Mao: The Unknown Story, write that there was no battle at Luding Bridge.

Mao would later write of this period: