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Mardonius was the son of Gobryas, a Persian nobleman who had assisted the Achaemenid prince Darius when he claimed the throne.
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Mardonius and was
It was famous in antiquity for its oracle of Apollo Abaeus, one of those consulted by Croesus, king of Lydia, and Mardonius, among others.
Initially growing up in Bithynia, raised by his maternal grandmother, at the age of seven he was under the guardianship of Eusebius of Nicomedia, the semi-Arian Christian Bishop of Nicomedia, and taught by Mardonius, a Gothic eunuch, whom Julian wrote warmly of later.
Due to unrest in Babylon, Xerxes was forced to send his army home to prevent a revolt, leaving behind an army in Greece under Mardonius, who was defeated the following year at Plataea.
Similarly, Mardonius remained in Thessaly, knowing an attack on the Isthmus was pointless, whilst the Allies refused to send an army outside the Peloponnese.
Therefore, the first Persian invasion of Greece effectively began in the following year, 492 BC, when Mardonius was dispatched ( via Ionia ) to complete the pacification of the land approaches to Greece and push on to Athens and Eretria if possible.
However, he was forced to submit to Persia during the invasion of Greece by Darius ' son Xerxes I, and he acted as a representative of the Persian governor Mardonius during peace negotiations after the Persian defeat at the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC.
The first campaign, in 492 BC, was led by Darius's son-in-law Mardonius, who re-subjugated Thrace, which had nominally been part of the Persian empire since 513 BC.
Mardonius was also able to force Macedon to become a client kingdom of Persia ; it had previously been allied but independent.
Mardonius himself was then injured in a raid on his camp by a Thracian tribe, and after this he returned with the rest of the expedition to Asia.
Mardonius remained in Thessaly, knowing an attack on the Isthmus was pointless, while the Allies refused to send an army outside the Peloponessus.
When Mardonius heard the Allied army was on the march, he retreated into Boeotia, near Plataea, trying to draw the Allies into open terrain where he could use his cavalry.
Similarly, Mardonius remained in Thessaly, knowing an attack on the Isthmus was pointless, while the Allies refused to send an army outside the Peloponnese.
When Mardonius learned of the Spartan force, he completed the destruction of Athens, tearing down whatever was left standing.
Plutarch reports that a conspiracy was discovered among some prominent Athenians, who were planning to betray the Allied cause ; although this account is not universally accepted, it may indicate Mardonius ' attempts to intrigue with the Greeks.
Mardonius (, ; died 479 BC ) was a leading Persian military commander during the Persian Wars with Greece in the early 5th century BC.
However, after these victories, Mardonius ’ fleet was destroyed in a storm off the coast near Mount Athos.
Around this time, Mardonius was commanding the army in a battle in Thrace.
While Mardonius was wounded in the battle, he was victorious.
Xerxes was at first not interested in renewing the war with Greece, but Mardonius repeatedly tried to convince him that he must avenge Darius ' defeat.
Mardonius was killed in the ensuing battle by the Spartans ( see Battle of Plataea ).
In 492 BC he was replaced in his satrapy by Mardonius ( Herodotus V. 25, 30-32, 35, & c .; Diod.
Pausanias was responsible for the Greek victory over Mardonius and the Persians at the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC, and was the leader of the Hellenic League created to resist Persian aggression during the Greco-Persian Wars.
Mardonius and son
They had a son, Mardonius, one of the generals of Xerxes during campaign to Greece.
Mardonius and Persian
* 479 BC – Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan commander of the Greek army in the Battle of Plataea.
* 479 BC — death of Mardonius, Persian commander at Plataea
* The Persian commander Mardonius, now based in Thessaly, wins support from Argus and western Arcadia.
** The Battle of Plataea in Boeotia ends the Persian invasions of Greece as the Persian general Mardonius is routed by the Greeks under Pausanias, nephew of the former Spartan King, Leonidas I.
* August 27 – Mardonius, Persian general ( killed in the Battle of Plataea )
** Mardonius, Persian commander at Plataea
* The Persian leaders Artaphernes and Mardonius grant a degree of autonomy to the Ionian cities.
According to Herodotus, the Spartan general Pausanias led an allied Greek defense against Mardonius ' Persian forces.
Although they were vastly outnumbered, the Greeks were able to kill Mardonius ; his death precipitated the Persian rout that followed.
Immortals participated in the Battle of Thermopylae 480 BC and were amongst the Persian occupation troops in Greece in 479 BC under Mardonius.
The first Persian invasion of Greece began in 492 BC, with the Persian general Mardonius conquering Thrace and Macedon before several mishaps forced an early end to the campaign.
Thinking the Greeks in full retreat, Mardonius ordered his forces to pursue them, but the Greeks ( particularly the Spartans, Tegeans and Athenians ) halted and gave battle, routing the lightly armed Persian infantry and killing Mardonius.
Mardonius then launched another cavalry raid on the Greek lines, which succeeded in blocking the Gargaphian Spring, which had been the only source of water for the Greek army ( they could not use the Asopus due to the threat posed by Persian archers ).
Mardonius prepared to meet them at Plataea, despite the opposition from another Persian commander, Artabazus, who, like Artabanus, did not think that Persian army could automatically defeat the Greeks.
Mardonius and who
In the summer of that year, after receiving an Athenian ultimatum, the Peloponnesians finally agreed to assemble an army and march to confront Mardonius, who had reoccupied Athens in June.
Herodotus, who portrays Mardonius as a somewhat evil adviser ( as opposed to a number of other good advisers whose arguments are never followed ), says that Mardonius simply wanted to become satrap ( governor ) of Greece.
Artemisia convinced Xerxes to retreat back to Asia Minor after the defeat at Salamis, contrary to the advice of Mardonius, who wanted Xerxes to stay.
* Aeimnestus ( Gr. ) was the Spartan soldier who killed the Persian general Mardonius by hurling a boulder onto Mardonius ' head during the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC, as told in book 9 of the Histories of Herodotus.
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