Derived from Marx and Max Weber, Karl August Wittfogel argued that bureaucracy arose to manage irrigation systems.

Merquior, have argued, Karl Marx.

Capitalism, Marx argued, completely separates the economic and political forces, leaving them to have relations through a limiting government.

First published on 21 February 1848, it laid out the beliefs of the Communist League, a group who had come increasingly under the influence of Marx and Engels, who argued that the League must make their aims and intentions clear to the general public rather than hiding them as they had formerly been doing.

Hoping to see the revolution spread to Germany, in 1848 Marx moved back to Cologne ( Köln ) where he began issuing a handbill entitled the Demands of the Communist Party in Germany, in which he argued for only four of the ten points of the Communist Manifesto, believing that in Germany at that time, the bourgeoisie must overthrow the feudal monarchy and aristocracy before the proletariat could overthrow the bourgeoisie.

Here Marx elaborated his labour theory of value ( influenced by Thomas Hodgskin ) and his conception of surplus value and exploitation, which he argued would ultimately lead to a falling rate of profit and the collapse of industrial capitalism.

Whereas his Gymnasium senior thesis argued that religion had as its primary social aim the promotion of solidarity, here Marx sees the social function of religion in terms of highlighting / preserving political and economic status quo and inequality.

Marx called the difference " surplus value " and argued that this surplus value had its source in surplus labour, the difference between what it costs to keep workers alive and what they can produce.

However others, pointing to Marx's encounter with late 19th-century Russian populism and Marx and Engels's preface to the second Russian edition of the Manifesto of the Communist Party ( 1882 ), have argued that Marx evinced a growing conviction in his late writings that revolution could in fact emerge first in Russia.

Whereas Durkheim focused on the society, Weber concentrated on the individuals and their actions ( see structure and action discussion ) and whereas Marx argued for the primacy of the material world over the world of ideas, Weber valued ideas as motivating actions of individuals, at least in the big picture.

Karl Marx argued that there were fundamental contradictions within the capitalist system, and that the workers were anything but free.

In the most influential of all economic theories on socialist thought, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels argued that socialism would emerge out of historical necessity as capitalism rendered itself obsolete and unsustainable from increasing internal contradictions emerging from the development of the productive forces and technology.

Marx argued that the material productive forces ( in industry and commerce ) brought into existence by capitalism predicated a cooperative society since production had become a mass social, collective activity of the working class to create commodities but with private ownership ( the relations of production or property relations ).

Marx himself argued that it was the goal of the proletariat itself to displace the capitalist system with socialism, changing the social relationships underpinning the class system and then developing into a future communist society in which: ".. the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.

Following Marx, Braverman argued that work within capitalist organisations was exploitative and alienating, and therefore workers had to be coerced into servitude.

Marx argued that, while in pre-capitalist societies it is clearly the labourer that uses the means of production to create product ; in capitalism, whose nature as a mode of production is embodied in its drive to reproduce and increase capital, it is more realistic to say that the means of production uses the labourer.

Drawing from Marx, which argued that under a capitalist society the wealth is degraded to an immense accumulation of commodities, Debord argues that in advanced capitalism, life is reduced to an immense accumulation of spectacles, a triumph of mere appearance where " all that once was directly lived has become mere representation ".

The 1872 Hague Congress was dominated by a struggle between Marx and his followers who argued for parliamentary electoral participation and a faction around Bakunin who opposed it.

The German political philosophers Karl Marx ( 1818 – 1883 ) and Friedrich Engels ( 1820 – 1895 ) argued in Die Deutsche Ideologie ( 1846, German Ideology ) and elsewhere that people's ideologies, including their social and political beliefs and opinions, are rooted in their class interests, and more broadly in the social and economic circumstances in which they live:

Both Marx and Engels argued that the short-lived Paris Commune, which ran the French capital for three months before being repressed, was an example of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

Hegel as a basis, Marx and Engels argued that all of human society rests upon class war, the concept that different socio-economic classes struggle against one another for their own benefit, with the ruling class inevitably being overthrown through revolution, to be replaced with a new ruling class.

Norman Geras has argued that Karl Marx was a moral realist.

" ( originally a Marx Memorial Lecture, " The British Working Class One Hundred Years after Marx ", that was delivered to a small audience of fellow Marxists in March 1978 before being published in Marxism Today in September 1978 ), he argued that the working class was inevitably losing its central role in society, and that left-wing parties could no longer appeal only to this class ; a controversial viewpoint in a period of trade union militancy.

* 1925 – Paul von Hindenburg defeats Wilhelm Marx in the second round of the German presidential election to become the first directly elected head of state of the Weimar Republic.

Under the heading ‘ Individuality in Thought and Desire ’, Karl Marx, ( German Ideology 1845 ), says:

Being himself one of the leaders of the Communist Party of Italy, ( CPI ), his theories had, in turn, been strongly influenced by the German social thinker Karl Marx, and have their ideological roots grounded in Marxist theory of false consciousness and capitalist exploitation.

The term dialectical materialism was coined in 1887, by Joseph Dietzgen, a socialist tanner who corresponded with Karl Marx, during and after the failed 1848 German Revolution.

* Marx, Karl, The German Ideology, 1846 ; 1932

Karl Heinrich Marx ( 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883 ) was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.

Karl's father, Herschel Marx, was middle-class and relatively wealthy: the family owned a number of Moselle vineyards ; he converted from Judaism to the Protestant Christian denomination of Lutheranism prior to his son's birth, taking on the German forename of Heinrich over Herschel.

Marx became interested in, but critical of, the work of the German philosopher G. W. F Hegel ( 1770 – 1831 ), whose ideas were widely debated amongst European philosophical circles at the time.

Following the government-imposed shutdown of the Rheinische Zeitung, Marx got involved with a new radical newspaper, the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher ( German-French Annals ), which was then being set up by Arnold Ruge, another German socialist revolutionary.

It was in Paris that, on 28 August 1844, Marx met German socialist Friedrich Engels at the Café de la Régence after becoming interested in the ideas that the latter had expressed in articles written for the Rheinische Zeitung and the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher.

Temporarily settling down in Paris, Marx transferred the Communist League executive headquarters to the city and also set up a German Workers ' Club with various German socialists living there.

A Karl Marx monument in the German city Chemnitz, formerly the East Germany | East German city Karl-Marx-Stadt ( Karl Marx City )

Here he was influenced by the American thinker Henry George ( see Georgism ) and German thinker Karl Marx ; the land value tax in Taiwan is a legacy thereof.

Other socialists made a return “ behind Marx ” to the anti-positivist programme of German idealism.

* 1818 – Karl Marx, German philosopher ( d. 1883 )

Lenin was an advocate of the socio-political theory of Marxism, first developed by the German sociologists Karl Marx ( 1818 – 1883 ) and Friedrich Engels ( 1820 – 1895 ) in the mid-19th century, and Li's articles helped bring an understanding of Marxism to the Chinese revolutionary movement, even though he failed to fully understand it himself.

* 1897 – Karl Marx, German composer ( d. 1985 )

In February 1936, shortly before the purge started in earnest, Bukharin was sent to Paris by Stalin to negotiate the purchase of Marx and Engels archives, held by the German Social Democratic Party ( SPD ) before its dissolution by Hitler.

* 1978 – Claudia Marx, German runner

* Order of Karl Marx ( German Democratic Republic, 22 October 1963 )