Being himself one of the leaders of the Communist Party of Italy, ( CPI ), his theories had, in turn, been strongly influenced by the German social thinker Karl Marx, and have their ideological roots grounded in Marxist theory of false consciousness and capitalist exploitation.

Marx himself had talked about the " materialist conception of history ", which was later referred to as " historical materialism " by Engels.

Marx himself took care to indicate that he was only proposing a guideline to historical research ( Leitfaden or Auffassung ), and was not providing any substantive " theory of history " or " grand philosophy of history ", let alone a " master-key to history ".

But having abandoned abstract philosophical speculation in his youth, Marx himself showed great reluctance during the rest of his life about offering any generalities or universal truths about human existence or human history.

Marx himself expresses deep critical concerns with this historicist tendency in his Theses on Feuerbach:

Interested in its ideas but repelled by some of its methods, he could never bring himself to accept Karl Marx ’ s writings as revealed scripture.

Marx identified himself as an atheist.

However in 1845, after receiving a request from the Prussian king, the French government agreed to shut down Vorwärts !, and furthermore, Marx himself was expelled from France by the interior minister François Guizot.

Marx devoted himself to two activities: revolutionary organising, and an attempt to understand political economy and capitalism.

However, Marx famously asserted in the eleventh of his Theses on Feuerbach that " philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways ; the point however is to change it ", and he clearly dedicated himself to trying to alter the world.

Lenin was an advocate of the socio-political theory of Marxism, first developed by the German sociologists Karl Marx ( 1818 – 1883 ) and Friedrich Engels ( 1820 – 1895 ) in the mid-19th century, and Li's articles helped bring an understanding of Marxism to the Chinese revolutionary movement, even though he failed to fully understand it himself.

Marx saw himself as doing morally neutral sociology and economic theory for the sake of human development.

The ideology was Marxism-Leninism ; this reflected the fact that Stalin himself was not a Communist theoretician, in contrast to Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin, and that he prided himself on maintaining the legacy of Lenin as a founding father for the Soviet Union and the future Communist world.

Marx himself argued that it was the goal of the proletariat itself to displace the capitalist system with socialism, changing the social relationships underpinning the class system and then developing into a future communist society in which: ".. the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.

His parents were both teachers and activists in a rural area of ANC strength, and Mbeki describes himself as " born into the struggle "; a portrait of Karl Marx sat on the family mantelpiece, and a portrait of Mohandas Gandhi was on the wall.

Mazzini, in turn, described Marx as " a destructive spirit whose heart was filled with hatred rather than love of mankind " and declared that " Despite the communist egalitarianism which preaches he is the absolute ruler of his party, admittedly he does everything himself but he is also the only one to give orders and he tolerates no opposition.

Marx himself, was expelled from Paris by French authorities on February 3, 1845 and settled in Brussels, Belgium with his wife and one daughter.

Little more is known, as Engels destroyed over 1, 500 letters between himself and Marx after the latter's death so as to conceal the details of their secretive lifestyle.

When Louis Bonaparte carried out a coup against the French government and made himself president for life on December 2, 1851, Marx and Engels, like many people, were shocked.

The German political theorist and sociologist Karl Marx ( 1818 – 1883 ) was the primary founder of Marxism, although he himself wrote little about the nature of the dictatorship of the proletariat, with his published works instead largely focusing on analysing and criticising capitalist society.

Harpo himself did a reprise of this scene, dressed in his usual costume, with Lucille Ball also donning the fright wig and trench coat, in the I Love Lucy episode " Lucy and Harpo Marx ".

Fukuyama himself identifies on some level with Marx, but identifies most strongly with the German philosopher Hegel, by way of Alexandre Kojève.

Chico Marx playing cards with himself.

Much as Karl Marx drew radical implications from the ideas of the conservative Hegel, Nearing took the economic logic of his department head, Simon Patten, and made radical inferences about wealth and the distribution of income that his mentor had himself hesitated to draw.

He acquired goats, a rooster he called " Henry Ford ", and a poodle puppy he called " Marx " and settled down to animal husbandry and writing Homage to Catalonia.

In London, where the family was reduced to poverty, Marx continued writing and formulating his theories about the nature of society and how he believed it could be improved, and also campaigned for socialism — he became a significant figure in the International Workingmen's Association.

Marx also wrote for his own enjoyment, writing both non-fiction and fiction.

Engels and Marx soon set about writing a criticism of the philosophical ideas of Marx's former friend, the Young Hegelian Bruno Bauer, which would be published in 1845 as The Holy Family.

After the collapse of the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher, Marx, still living on the Rue Vaneau, began writing for what was then the only uncensored German-language radical newspaper in Europe, Vorwärts !.

Four years later, seminary professors Alexander Marx, Louis Ginzberg and Saul Lieberman went public with their rebuke by writing a letter to the Hebrew newspaper Hadoar, lambasting Kaplan's prayer book and his entire career as a rabbi.

His writing influenced many subsequent novelists such as Marcel Proust, Émile Zola, Charles Dickens, Edgar Allan Poe, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Gustave Flaubert, Benito Pérez Galdós, Marie Corelli, Henry James, William Faulkner, Jack Kerouac, and Italo Calvino, and philosophers such as Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx.

Engels ' earliest contribution to Marx's work was writing to the Deutsch-französische Jahrbücher journal, which was edited by both Marx and Arnold Ruge in Paris in 1844.

A few years later, in the Grundrisse, Marx was writing of " the violent destruction of capital not by relations external to it, but rather as a condition of its self-preservation ".

Through deft manipulation of the sub-committee Marx was left with all the papers, and set about writing the Address to the Working Classes to which was attached a simplified set of rules.

His scholarship on Marx was hailed by Robert Heilbroner in The New York Review of Books as " extraordinarily stimulating " and " written in a fresh, open style which comes as a welcome relief after the turgidities of so much Marxist writing.

A master ad libber, Allen often tangled with his network's executives ( and often barbed them on the air over the battles ), while developing routines the style and substance of which influenced contemporaries and futures among comic talents, including Groucho Marx, Stan Freberg, Henry Morgan and Johnny Carson, but his fans also included President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and novelists William Faulkner, John Steinbeck and Herman Wouk ( who began his career writing for Allen ).

Waybill had already released an unsuccessful solo album ( Read My Lips, on Capitol Records ) in 1984, but during this time, he had also happily enjoyed a fruitful writing partnership with fellow Capitol Records label mate Richard Marx, their most popular and well known collaboration being " Edge of a Broken Heart ", recorded by the female band Vixen.

Previously fixated upon questions of abstract philosophy, Marx was first introduced to practical journalism in the course of writing for the Rheinische Zeitung.

When writing the screenplay for Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio envisioned Jack Sparrow as a supporting character, citing Bugs Bunny and Groucho Marx as influences.

Much sophisticated and important thought has taken place after the writing of Marx and Engels ; much or perhaps even all of it has been influenced, subtly or overtly, by Marxism.

It was in this language that he first read the writing of Karl Marx as part of the process of his self-education.

The year 1846 found Karl Marx and his close friend and co-thinker Friedrich Engels in Brussels, establishing a small political circle of radical German émigrés called the Communist Corresponding Committee and writing for the German-language Deutsche Brüsseler Zeitung (" Brussels German Newspaper ").

However, the book also indicates that he is dyslexic and has great difficulty both in writing letters and reading books ( he is shown reading the works of Karl Marx slowly ).

In writing it, Jack London was influenced by the ideas of Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Nietzsche.

As with many writers in the myth and symbol school, such as Leo Marx, who have been misunderstood by recent cultural critics writing in what has become known as the " cold war consensus " view of American academic history, Ward was attempting through the course of his career to forward a complex criticism of American culture rather than a mere celebration of American hegemony.

Thus we find Marx writing to Sorge in October 1877, following the fusion of the German Social Democrats with the Lassalleans, complaining about the reintroduction of utopian socialism into the movement (" which for tens of years we have been clearing out of the German workers ’ heads with so much toil and labour ") by " a whole gang of half-mature students and super-wise doctors who want to give socialism a “ higher ideal ” orientation, that is to say, to replace its materialistic basis ( which demands serious objective study from anyone who tries to use it ) by modern mythology with its goddesses of Justice, Freedom, Equality and Fraternity.

Karl Marx, although initially favourable to Proudhon's work, later criticised, among other things, the expression " property is theft " as self-refuting and unnecessarily confusing, writing that "... ' theft ' as a forcible violation of property presupposes the existence of property ..." and condemning Proudhon for entangling himself in " all sorts of fantasies, obscure even to himself, about true bourgeois property.

After reading an article by Karl Marx in 1920, he became interested in Marxism, and after the couple moved to Amsterdam in 1921, he began writing for De Bleachers.