* Mass media in Belarus on the official website of the Republic of Belarus

* Mass media

See also: Industrial policy of Japan ; Monetary and fiscal policy of Japan ; Mass media and politics in Japan

Mass media, despite its ability to project worldwide, is limited in its cross-ethnic compatibility by one simple attribute – language.

* Mass media impact on spatial perception

Soon after in 1966, the Centre for Mass Communication Research was founded at Leicester University, and degree programmes in media studies began to sprout at polytechnics and other universities during the 1970s and 1980s.

Mass communication, communication studies or simply communication may be more popular names than “ media studies ” for academic departments in the United States.

University of California, Berkeley has three institutional structures within which media studies can take place: the department of Film and Media ( formerly Film Studies Program ), including famous theorists as Mary Ann Doane and Linda Williams, the Center for New Media, and a long established interdisciplinary program formerly titled Mass Communications, which recently changed its name to Media Studies, dropping any connotations which accompany the term “ Mass ” in the former title.

* Mass media

Mass media is distinguished from local media by the notion that whilst the former aims to reach a very large market such as the entire population of a country, the latter broadcasts to a much smaller population and area, and generally focuses on regional news rather than global events.

simple: Mass media

war: Mass media

Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media ( 1988 ), by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, is an analysis of the news media, arguing that the mass media of the United States " are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion ".

# Sourcing Mass Media News: Herman and Chomsky argue that “ the large bureaucracies of the powerful subsidize the mass media, and gain special access the news, by their contribution to reducing the media ’ s costs of acquiring [...] and producing, news.

Mass media outlets, seeking to gain larger advertising profits through increased viewership, may also alter public perception of issues, political groups and candidates by pandering to what they think a given target audience wants to see and hear.

* Mass media

Mass media, telecommunications, and information technology ( especially computers, paperback books, public education, and the Internet ) made the world's knowledge more widely available.

Gelbart-scripted films for television included Barbarians at the Gate ( 1993 ), a true story about the battle for control of the RJR Nabisco corporation starring James Garner that was based on the best-selling book of that name ; Weapons of Mass Distraction ( 1997 ) starring Ben Kingsley and Gabriel Byrne as rival media moguls and And Starring Pancho Villa as Himself ( 2003 ) starring Antonio Banderas as the Mexican revolutionary leader.

The Roman Catholic celebration is associated with the doctrine that the souls of the faithful who at death have not been cleansed from the temporal punishment due to venial sins and from attachment to mortal sins cannot immediately attain the beatific vision in heaven, and that they may be helped to do so by prayer and by the sacrifice of the Mass.

In the ordinary form of the Roman Rite, if 2 November falls on a Sunday, the Mass is of All Souls, but the Liturgy of the Hours is that of the Sunday.

Mass production via assembly lines is widely considered to be the catalyst which initiated the modern consumer culture by making possible low unit cost for manufactured goods.

On the other hand, they may not preside over Adoration or Benediction, give a speech that is a homily, or read the Gospel during a Mass or serve as instituted acolytes, a ministry which is now reserved for those preparing for ordained service ).

Abrasax is invoked in Aleister Crowley's 1913 work, " The Gnostic Mass " of Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica:

* In Mass Effect the Codex ( an in-game encyclopedia ) explains that Earth is composed mainly of Arcology buildings.

Salieri's earliest surviving work is a Mass in C major.

It is blessed by the bishop of the diocese at the Chrism Mass he celebrates on Holy Thursday or on a day close to it.

The sacrament can be administered within Mass, which is the preferred manner.

His few remaining masses ( the story of his having composed two hundred is hardly credible ) and church music in general are comparatively unimportant, except the great St Cecilia Mass ( 1721 ), which is one of the first attempts at the style which reached its height in the great masses of Johann Sebastian Bach and Beethoven.

Such is seen in the life of Palestrina becoming a major influence on Bach, most notably in the aforementioned Mass in B Minor.

* In Astrophysics, auto-correlation is used to study and characterize the spatial distribution of galaxies in the Universe and in multi-wavelength observations of Low Mass X-ray Binaries.

The ceremony is performed before a Gnostic Mass and represents a symbolic birth into the Thelemic community.

The third Nocturn consists of a homily on the Gospel which is read at that day's Mass.

Critical Mass is an event typically held on the last Friday of every month in cities around the world where bicyclists take to the streets en masse.

In fact, the purpose of Critical Mass is not formalized beyond the direct action of meeting at a set location and time and traveling as a group through city streets.

Mandatory priestly celibacy is not a doctrine, or dogma, of the Church ( examples of Catholic doctrine would be the principle of the absolute respect for life or the belief in the Assumption and Immaculate Conception ) but a church rule or discipline, like the use of the vernacular ( local ) language in Mass or the ancient rule of Lenten fasting and abstinence.

The most well known version is that written by Gerald Gardner, and includes material paraphrased works by Aleister Crowley, primarily from Liber ALThe Book of the Law ( particularly from Ch 1, spoken by Nuit, the Star Goddess ), and from his Liber XV: the Gnostic Mass as well as Liber LXV ( Liber Cordis Cincti Serpente, or the Book of the Heart Girt with the Serpent ), thus linking modern Wicca irrevocably to the cosmology and revelations of Thelema.

The third paragraph is largely written by Doreen Valiente, with some phrases adapted from The Book of the Law and The Gnostic Mass by Aleister Crowley.

The first level is a public thoroughfare for three pedestrian bridges linking the Mass Transit Railway, the Convention and Exhibition Centre and the China Resource Building.

Modern Roman Catholic churches often have a crucifix above the altar on the wall ; for the celebration of Mass, the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church requires that, " on or close to the altar there is to be a cross with a figure of Christ crucified ".

Mass movement is the downward and outward movement of rock and sediments on a sloped surface, mainly due to the force of gravity.

The term libretto is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major liturgical works, such as Mass, requiem, and sacred cantata, or the story line of a ballet.

The skulls are also sometimes taken to the central cemetery in La Paz for a special Mass and blessing.

Asistencias (" satellite " or " sub " missions, sometimes referred to as " contributing chapels ") were small-scale missions that regularly conducted Mass on days of obligation but lacked a resident priest ; as with the missions, these settlements were typically established in areas with high concentrations of potential native converts.

Mass murder ( in military contexts, sometimes interchangeable with " mass destruction " or " genocide ") is the act of murdering a large number of people ( four or more ), typically at the same time or over a relatively short period of time.

The word, sometimes rendered by its English translation " service ", may refer to an elaborate formal ritual such as the Eastern Orthodox Divine Liturgy () and Catholic Mass, or a daily activity such as the Muslim salat and Jewish services.

When a priest celebrates Mass on the same side as the people at such an altar, he sometimes necessarily turns his back directly to the tabernacle, as when he turns to the people at the Orate, fratres.

As a result, some refer to the 1962 Tridentine Mass as " the extraordinary form " of the Mass The 1962 Tridentine Mass is sometimes referred to as the " usus antiquior " ( older use ) or " forma antiquior " ( older form ), to differentiate it from the newer form of the Roman Rite in use since 1970.

Other names used include Traditional Mass and Latin Mass-though the revised form of the Mass that replaced it has its official text in Latin, and is sometimes celebrated in that language.

Some Traditionalist Catholic priests and organisations, holding that no official permission is required to use any form of the Tridentine Mass, celebrate it without regularizing their situation, and sometimes using editions of the Roman Missal earlier than the 1962 edition approved in Summorum Pontificum.

In recent years some churches have scheduled their " Midnight " Mass as early as 7 pm In Spanish-speaking areas, the Midnight Mass is sometimes referred to as Misa del Gallo, or " Missa do Galo ", in Portuguese (" Rooster's Mass ").

At the Christmas Midnight Mass at St Edward's Church in 1525, Barnes gave an openly evangelical sermon proclaiming the gospel and accusing the Church of its heresies, now sometimes considered to be the first sermon of the English Reformation.

Critical Mass is sometimes called an " organized coincidence ", with no leadership or membership.

Because Critical Mass takes place without an official route or sanction, participants in some cities have sometimes practiced a tactic known as " corking " in order to maintain the cohesion of the group.

The practice of corking roads in order to pass through red lights as a group is in contravention of traffic laws in some jurisdictions and is sometimes criticized to be contrary to Critical Mass ' claim that " we are traffic ", since ordinary traffic does not have the right to go through intersections once the traffic signal has changed to red.

Corking has sometimes led to hostility between motorists and riders, even erupting into violence and arrests of motorists and cyclists alike during Critical Mass rides.

Celebrations of the Requiem Mass were sometimes referred to as " black Masses ", from the colour of the vestments worn by the priest.

Mass spawning events sometimes take place when all the bivalves in an area synchronise their release of spawn.

Mass hysteria presenting as collective symptoms of disease is sometimes referred to as mass psychogenic illness or epidemic hysteria.

* Requiem mass (" Mass for the Dead ", sometimes called a " Black Mass " due to the black vestments the priest wears )