George I. Sanchez, " Arithmetic in Maya ", Austin-Texas, 1961 found another base 5, base 4 abacus in the Yucatán that also computed calendar data.

In order to conquer these last Maya sites, the Spaniards had to attack them on three fronts, one coming from Yucatán, another from Belize, and the third one from Alta Verapaz.

* 1562 – Fray Diego de Landa, acting Bishop of Yucatán, burns the sacred books of the Maya.

La Malinche ( also known as Malinali or Malintzin ) was born in 1496, in a then " frontier " region between the Aztec Empire and the Maya states of the Yucatán Peninsula ).

Cortés had located a Spanish priest, Gerónimo de Aguilar, who had spent several years in captivity among the Maya peoples in Yucatán following a shipwreck.

Cortés took Marina to quash a rebellion in Honduras in 1524 – 26 when she is seen serving again as interpreter ( suggestive of a knowledge of Maya dialects beyond Chontal and Yucatán.

* The Independent Republic of Yucatán joins Mexico in exchange for Mexican help in suppressing a revolt by the indigenous Maya population.

* The Maya of the Yucatán revolt against the rulers of Chichen Itza.

* The Maya peoples drive Spanish Conquistadores out of Yucatán.

* A revolt occurs in the Yucatán capital Mayapan ; the Maya civilization splits into warring city-states.

The Spanish conquest of Yucatán is the much longer campaign, from 1551 – 1697, against the Maya peoples of the Maya civilization in the Yucatán Peninsula of present day Mexico and northern Central America.

It is heavily influenced by the Spanish accent and Yucatec Maya language, which is spoken by a third of the population of the State of Yucatán.

Comunidad Indígena Maya de Estudios y Difusión Cultural, Mérida, Yucatán.

In the early 16th century, Maya women seeking to ensure a fruitful marriage would travel to the sanctuary of Ix Chel on the island of Cozumel, the most important place of pilgrimage after Chichen Itza, off the east coast of the Yucatán peninsula.

Some countries, such as Mexico, have non-profit civil organizations and land owners dedicated to protect vast private property, such is the case of Hacienda Chichen's Maya Jungle Reserve and Bird Refuge in Chichen Itza, Yucatán.

The second split, in the non-Huastecan main branch, was between proto-Yucatecan, now spoken across the Yucatán Peninsula, and the ancestors of all other Maya languages.

Not all archaeological evidence agrees with this conclusion: there are older, unbroken ceramic traditions from Loltun Cave in Yucatán, as well as Cuello in Belize, which suggest alternative Maya homelands.

The Huastecs and the Yucatán Maya were reunited, in a way, during the late nineteenth century, when Huastec chicle-tappers and lumbermen were transported to the state of Campeche to work the similar forests there, mainly employed by U. S .- based companies.

The Spanish conquest of Yucatán was the campaign undertaken by the Spanish conquistadores against the Late Postclassic Maya states and polities, particularly in the northern and central Yucatán Peninsula but also involving the Maya polities of the Guatemalan highlands region.

Noting that using a word with caca in it to describe a thick, brown beverage would not have gone over well with most speakers of Spanish due to the fact that caca means faeces in Spanish, the Coes suggest that the Spanish colonisers combined the Nahuatl atl with the Yucatec Maya chocol, for unlike the Aztec, the Maya tended to drink chocolate heated.

The Maya are generally given credit for creating the first modern chocolate beverage over 2, 000 years ago, despite the fact that the beverage would undergo many more changes in Europe.

The Village ( and surrounding New York City ) would later play central roles in the writings of, among others, Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, William S. Burroughs, James Baldwin, Truman Capote, Marianne Moore, Maya Angelou, Rod McKuen, and Dylan Thomas, who collapsed at the Chelsea Hotel and died at St. Vincents Hospital at 170 West 12th Street, in the Village after drinking at the White Horse Tavern on November 5, 1953.

Many Maya states would suffer similar fates in the coming centuries.

Since Q ' uq ' umatz acted as a mediator between Tohil and Awilix and their incarnations as the Maya Hero Twins Hunahpu and Ixbalanque, the positioning of such ballcourt markers on the east and west sides of north-south oriented ballcourts would represent Q ' uq ' umatz carrying the sun to the zenith with the east marker carrying Hunahpu / Tohil in its jaws, while the west marker would represent the descent of the sun into the underworld and would be carrying Ixbalanque / Awilix in its jaws.

On the other hand, in Q ' eqchi ' Sun and Moon myth, an aged Maya goddess ( Xkitza ) who would otherwise appear to correspond closely to the Oaxacan Old Adoptive Mother, does not appear to be connected to the sweatbath.

Kaufman's proposed date of about 2200 BCE would require two regular phonological ( sound ) changes that are attested in all Maya languages, " r " changing to " y " and " q " to " k ", to have happened independently after the split, in both the Huastec / Chicomuceltec branch and in the branch of all other Mayan languages.

It would take some 170 years and the help of the Xiu Maya before the last recognized Maya stronghold fell, that of the Itza capital of Tayasal on Lake Petén Itzá, in 1697.

Unlike the campaigns against the Aztec and Inca states, the Maya had no single political center whose overthrow would hasten the end of collective resistance by the indigenous peoples.

These two would later have notable, but very different, roles to play in future conflicts between the Spanish and the Mesoamerican peoples – Aguilar would become Cortés's translator and advisor, with Guerrero instead electing to remain with the Maya and served as a tactician and warrior fighting with them against the Spanish.

Aguilar, now quite fluent in Yucatec Maya as well as some other indigenous languages, would prove to be a valuable asset for Cortés as a translator, a skill of particular significance to the later conquest of the Aztec Empire which would be the end result of Cortés ' expedition.

The leaders of some Maya states pledged that they would be his allies.

Because of the low salt content of the Maya diet, it is estimated that Tikal would have had to import 131 tons of salt each year, based on a conservative population estimate of 45, 000.

The function of film, Maya believed, like most art forms, was to create an experience ; each one of her films would evoke new conclusions, lending her focus to be dynamic and always-evolving.

After 100 AD, the area around Coba evidenced strong population growth, and with it an increase in its social and political status among Maya city states which would ultimately make Coba one of the biggest and most powerful city states in the northern Yucatán area.

Sacred places included caves ( where the sun went to the underworld each night ), Maya ruins where the Gods had once resided, next to rivers, rock outcroppings or particular places in the jungle ( there would not be any cutting of vegetation in these areas ).

To bring life to a God pot the Lacandón would use small pebbles they found at Maya ruins that they considered sacred.

He began studying the Nahuatl language in 1925, and later, beginning in 1928, he studied the collections of Maya hieroglyphic texts.

During the decade, a range of other storylines featured, such as the bigamy of Peter Barlow and his addiction to alcohol, later in the decade, Maya Sharma's revenge on former lover Devendra Alahan, Katy Harris murdering her father and subsequently committing suicide, Charlie Stubbs's psychological abuse of Shelley Unwin, and the deaths of Mike Baldwin, Vera Duckworth and Fred Elliott.

* The polis in Greek Antiquity and the equivalent city states in the feudal era and later, ( many in Italy, the Holy Roman Empire, the Moorish taifa in Iberia, essentially tribal-type but urbanized regions throughout the world in the Maya civilization, etc.

In the later Maya civilization, the jaguar was believed to facilitate communication between the living and the dead and to protect the royal household.

Police Sergeant Luis Alberto Erazo Maya managed to escape his captors and was later rescued.

The Maya, and later the Aztecs, smoked tobacco and various psychoactive drugs in religious rituals and frequently depicted priests and deities smoking on pottery and temple engravings.

Throughout the novels, Maya takes an active political role, helping to keep the surviving First Hundred together during the failed revolution of 2061 and guiding the successful revolutions that occur decades later, despite her psychological problems.

She is later present at a session in Kasei Vallis where Russell is being tortured, and is killed by Maya Toitovna.

Six years later another Spaniard, Blas María de la Garza Falcón, found the cross while conducting an expedition in the area and named the spot Santa Cruz de Maya.

Since the word is found frequently in the Chilam Balam of Chumayel, regarded by some as indigenous writing not influenced by Christianity, some authors have proposed that the name was originally used for an indigenous Maya deity, which was later transferred to the Christian god but recent research has shown this to be unlikely.

Although Guerrero's later fate is uncertain, it appears that for some years he continued to fight alongside the Maya forces against Spanish incursions, providing military counsel and encouraging resistance ; he quite possibly was killed in a later battle.

A detachment of British troops sent to San Pedro was defeated by the Maya later that year.

Maya Rudolph ( later of Saturday Night Live fame ) was a member of the touring version of the band during this time.

Painting in tribute to Gonzalo Guerrero, a shipwrecked Spanish mariner who married a Maya people | Maya woman and later fought with the Mayas against the conquista.

The city was sacked by the Maya rebels but was recaptured later in the war.

Some cultures, notably the Maya civilization, independently developed writing during the time they flourished, which was then later lost.

It has been theorized that the elongated, flat-topped heads are reflective of the practice of artificial cranial deformation, as found in the Tlatilco burials of the same period or among the Maya of a later era.

Unlike later Maya or Aztec cities, La Venta was built from earth and clay — there was little locally abundant stone for the construction.

Thompson ’ s subsequent interactions with his guide, who was a Mopan Maya, would later shed light on how Thompson viewed the ancient Maya and their culture.