Mbuti or Bambuti are one of several indigenous pygmy groups in the Congo region of Africa.

# REDIRECT Mbuti mythology

A well-known example of such work is Colin Turnbull's study of the Mbuti pygmies.

Polyphonic music is found among the Aka – Baka and the Mbuti, but not among the Gyele ( Kola ) or the various groups of Twa.

The Kango language ( SIL code KZY ) is spoken by several thousand villagers just south of Avakubi, and upper reaches of the Ituri are inhabited by the Mbuti ( Pygmies ).

Formally, Mbenga – Mbuti Pygmy music consists of at most only four parts, and can be described as an, " ostinato with variations ," or similar to a passacaglia, in that it is cyclical.

Polyphonic music is only characteristic of the Mbenga and Mbuti.

# The Asua, the only Mbuti people with their own language, which is closely related to that of the neighboring Sudanic Mangbetu.

The term BaMbuti ( Mbuti ) is therefore confusing, as it has been used to refer to all the pygmy peoples in the Ituri region in general, as well as to a single subgroup in the center of the Ituri forest.

* http :// foragers. wikidot. com / mbuti More information about the Mbuti on a site that is devoted to the scientific study of the diversity of forager societies without recreating a myth.

It is believed that the modern human ancestor developed in the East Africa area, where the Efé ( and other Mbuti ) and the Hadzabe of Tanzania also exhibit the L1 haplotype.

It is also the home of the Mbuti pygmies, one of the hunter-gatherer peoples living in equatorial rainforests characterised by their short height ( below one and a half metres, or 59 inches, on average ).

They may be the same as the Kango Mbuti, who are called Batchua ( the root is Twa, pronounced Cwa in Congo ); they are reported to have associated with the Maigo ( patrons of the Kango ), the Momfu ( patrons of the Efé, but Wochua is a Bantu term ), and the Mabode ( unidentified ).

The term originated in reference to medieval French motets, but the technique remains in common use in contemporary music ( Louis Andriessen's Hoketus ), popular music ( funk, stereo panning, the work of Robert Fripp and Adrian Belew in King Crimson ), Indonesian gamelan music ( interlocking patterns shared between two instruments — called imbal in Java and Kotekan in Bali ), Andean siku ( panpipe ) music ( two pipe sets sharing the full number of pitches between them ), handbell music ( tunes being distributed between two or more players ), Rara street processions in Haiti, as well as in the Gaga in the Dominican Republic and many African cultures such as the Ba-Benzélé ( featured on Herbie Hancock's " Watermelon Man ", see Pygmy music ), Mbuti, Basarwa ( Khoisan ), the Gumuz tribe from the Blue Nile Province ( Sudan ), and Gogo ( Tanzania ).

The Chokwe also pronounced Tchokwe are an ethnic group of Central Africa whose ancestry can perhaps be traced to Mbundu and Mbuti Pygmies.

" The best known pygmies are the Aka, Efé and Mbuti of central Africa.

The best known are the Mbenga ( Aka and Baka ) of the western Congo basin, who speak Bantu and Ubangian languages ; the Mbuti ( Efe etc.

Some of the Pygmies, specifically the Mbenga ( Aka / Benzele and Baka ) in the west and the Mbuti ( Efé ) in the east, are particularly known for their dense contrapuntal communal improvisation.

Ota Benga ( circa 1883 – March 20, 1916 ) was a Congolese Mbuti pygmy known for being featured with other Africans in an anthropology exhibit at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri in 1904, and later in a controversial human zoo exhibit in the Bronx Zoo in 1906.

Colin Macmillan Turnbull ( November 23, 1924 – July 28, 1994 ) was a British-American anthropologist who came to public attention with the popular books The Forest People ( on the Mbuti Pygmies of Zaire ) and The Mountain People ( on the Ik people of Uganda ), and one of the first anthropologists to work in the field of ethnomusicology.

* The Mbuti Pygmies: An Ethnographic Survey in Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, 50, 139-282

* The Mbuti Pygmies: Change and Adaptation, 1983.

A hit from Hancock's hard bop days, originally appearing on his first album Takin ' Off, it was reworked by Hancock and Mason and has an instantly recognisable intro featuring Bill Summers blowing into a beer bottle, an imitation of the hindewho, an instrument of the Mbuti Pygmies of Northeastern Zaire.

In 2003, Sinafasi Makelo, a representative of Mbuti Pygmies, told the UN Forum on Indigenous Issues that during the Congo Civil War, his people were hunted down and eaten as though they were game animals.

In 2003, Sinafasi Makelo, a representative of Mbuti pygmies, told the UN's Indigenous People's Forum that during the Congo Civil War, his people were hunted down and eaten as though they were game animals.

In 2003, Sinafasi Makelo, a representative of Mbuti pygmies, told the UN's Indigenous People's Forum that during the Congo Civil War, his people were hunted down and eaten as though they were game animals.

The Mbuti of the Congo incorporate distinctive whistles and yodels

Hunting songs, like those of the Mbuti of the Congo, often incorporated distinctive whistles and yodels so that hunters could identity each other's locations and those of their prey.

Unlike the Mbuti pygmies of the eastern Congo ( who speak only the language of the tribes with whom they are affiliated ), the Aka speak their own language along with whichever of the approximately 15 Bantu peoples they are affiliated.

A member of the Mbuti people, Ota Benga lived in equatorial forests near the Kasai River in what was then the Belgian Congo.

The divergence of the three main descendant lines within Africa, L1 / A in Southern Africa ( Khoisan / Capoid peoples ), L2 / B in Central and West Africa ( Niger – Congo-and Nilo-Saharan-speaking peoples, Mbuti pygmies ), and L3 ( East Africa, Out-of-Africa migration ), dates to about 100 to 80 thousand years ago.

According to Zerzan, original human societies in paleolithic times, and similar societies today such as the! Kung, Bushmen and Mbuti, live a non-alienated and non-oppressive form of life based on primitive abundance and closeness to nature.

Tribes observed to show this behaviour include the! Kung, Mbuti, Naskapi and Hazda.

Many so-called pygmies prefer instead to be referred to by the name of their various ethnic groups, or names for various interrelated groups such as the Aka ( Mbenga ), Baka, Mbuti, and Twa.

* Mbuti Net Hunters of the Ituri Forest, story with photos and link to Audio Slideshow.

Simha Arom says that the level of polyphonic complexity of Mbenga – Mbuti music was reached in Europe only in the 14th century.

This introduced Mbuti culture to Western countries, many of whose inhabitants were intrigued by the seemingly simple lifestyle they led.

Turnbull claimed that the Mbuti viewed the forest as a parental spirit that could be communicated with via song.

# The Sua Kango Mbuti, who speak a dialect ( or perhaps two ) of the language of a neighboring Bantu people, Bila.

This lore can be tied to Bambuti mythology, where the giant forest hog is thought to be a physical manifestation of Negoogunogumbar.

: See Bambuti mythology.

Many oral traditions feature polygenesis in their creation stories, for example Bambuti mythology and other creation stories from the pygmies of Congo state that the supreme God of the pygmies, Khonvoum, created three different races of man separately out of three kinds of clay: one black, one white, and one red.

* Bambuti mythology