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Meänkieli lacks two of the grammatical cases used in standard Finnish-the comitative and the instructive ( they are used mostly in literary, official language in Finland ).
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Meänkieli and two
Linguistically, Meänkieli consists of two dialect sub-groups ( Tornio and Jällivaara dialects ) of the Peräpohjola dialects, which belong to the Western dialects of Finnish.
Meänkieli and used
Sami, Meänkieli, and Finnish may be used in dealing with government agencies, courts, municipalities, preschools and nursing homes in parts of Norrbotten County.
Similarly, Finnish and Meänkieli can be used in Gällivare, Haparanda, Kiruna, Pajala, and Övertorneå.
Finnish and Meänkieli can be used in the northernmost municipalities of Gällivare, Haparanda, Kiruna, Pajala and Övertorneå and its immediate neighbourhood.
In the following municipalities in Norrbotten County, Sweden, the language Meänkieli may be used in dealing with government agencies, courts, preschools and nursing homes.
Meänkieli and standard
Meänkieli is chiefly distinguished from standard Finnish by a lack of influence from modern 19th and 20th century developments in that language.
There is also a dialect of Meänkieli spoken around Gällivare which differs even more from standard Finnish.
A written standard of Meänkieli has been established and taught, which has given rise to critical remarks from Finland, suggesting that standard Finnish would be of more use to the pupils.
Meänkieli and they
Native speakers of Meänkieli are very well aware of the fact that they speak what is technically a Finnish dialect, but given that Meänkieli is now taught as a standardized language, it could also be regarded a language in its own right rather than a mere dialect.
Meänkieli and are
Many people in the northern parts of Sweden understand some Meänkieli, but those who speak it regularly are fewer.
People with Meänkieli-speaking roots are often referred to as Tornedalians although the Finnish-speaking part of Norrbotten is a far larger area than the Tornio ( the Meänkieli and Finnish name for Torne ) River Valley ; judging by the names of towns and places, it stretches as far west as the city of Gällivare.
Today, grammar books are being written in Meänkieli.
The people who speak it are often referred to as Tornedalians, although this term could also be defined as referring to people living in the Torne Valley, who are not all speakers of Meänkieli.
Migrants of the last half millennium to central and northern Scandinavia and to Ingria were mainly of East Finnish origin, which is why dialects and languages such as Meänkieli and Ingrian are closer to the East Finnish dialects.
Meänkieli ( in northern Sweden ) and Kven ( in northern Norway ) are Finnish dialects that the Scandinavian countries of Sweden and Norway have given the legal status of independent languages.
Meänkieli and official
The council also works with the five official minority languages in Sweden: Finnish, Meänkieli, Yiddish, Romani and Sami along side with the Swedish Sign Language.
Meänkieli and language
However, it is known that the Finnish language area ( Meänkieli and Kven dialects of Finnish ) in the past covered a much larger territory of the modern area of Sweden than it does today.
In Swedish nowadays, the language is usually referred to as Meänkieli by the authorities ; a common, and older, name is tornedalsfinska which literally means " Torne Valley Finnish ".
Native Meänkieli speakers were prevented by the authorities from learning Standard Finnish as a school subject for decades, which resulted in the survival of the language only in oral form.
Many employees in the public sector have sufficient literacy in the language ; some 50 % of civil servants have oral proficiency in Finnish and / or Meänkieli.
Estimates of how many people speak Meänkieli vary since few people today speak Meänkieli as their only language.
Few young people speak Meänkieli as part of daily life though many have passive knowledge of the language from family use.
Since the 1980s, people who speak Meänkieli have become more aware of the importance of the language as a marker of identity that one should not be ashamed of.
The Bible is being translated into Meänkieli ; there is drama performed in Meänkieli, and there area some TV programs in Meänkieli – ironically at a time where the number of people who speak Meänkieli as a first language has reduced drastically.
The governmental and legal support for Meänkieli as a minority language is weaker than in comparable countries such as Norway, Finland, and the Netherlands.
To support the traditional language on the Swedish side a new written language has been devised, Meänkieli.
The local dialect of Finnish, Torne Valley Finnish or, with a neologism, Meänkieli, has today been acknowledged as a minority language in Sweden.
* Sveriges Riksdag-Meänkieli-Website of Swedish parliament in the language of Meänkieli.
Bengt Pohjanen is a Tornedalian author who has written the first novel in Meänkieli, the language of the Torne Valley.
In 1999, the Minority Language Committee of Sweden formally declared five minority languages of Sweden: Finnish, Sami language, Romani, Yiddish, and Meänkieli ( Tornedal Finnish ).
Meänkieli and Finland
In Finland, Meänkieli is generally seen as a dialect of Northern Finnish.
The area where Meänkieli is spoken and what is now Finland ( apart from the linguistically Sami and Swedish parts thereof ), formed a dialect continuum within the Realm of Sweden.
Education in and about Meänkieli has been criticized on the grounds that Standard Finnish would give the students considerably greater possibilities for further studies, access to the much larger Finnish literature, and would improve the relations between Finland and Sweden as well as between Swedes and Ethnic Finns in both countries.
Especially in Finland the distinction of Meänkieli as a separate language is seen as language politics not based in linguistics ( see Kven language for a similar situation in Norway ).
Meänkieli and ).
Meänkieli refers to Torne Valley Finnish ( also spoken on the Finnish side of the Torne River ) and the Gällivare dialects which belong to the much larger Peräpohjola dialect group ( see Dialect chart ).
lacks and two
The False Cross is diamond-shaped, somewhat dimmer on average, does not have a fifth star and lacks the two prominent nearby " Pointer Stars.
Other players may underestimate the hand, believing the player has two pairs or lacks a card for a straight or flush.
Its head's ventral surface lacks the numerous prominent furrows of the related rorquals, instead bearing two to five shallow furrows on the throat's underside.
Each text contains material that the other lacks, with many minor differences in wording: scarcely 200 lines are identical in the two.
While the jaguar closely resembles the leopard, it is sturdier and heavier, and the two animals can be distinguished by their rosettes: the rosettes on a jaguar's coat are larger, fewer in number, usually darker, and have thicker lines and small spots in the middle that the leopard lacks.
Note the intersection of the two circles — the distinction between short a, i and u is made by both speakers, but Arabic lacks the mid articulation of short vowels, while Hebrew lacks the distinction of vowel length.
Petroleos de Venezuela and PetroVietnam also announced a number of joint projects following the 2006 visit, including PetroVietnam being given a concession in the Orinoco basin and an agreement to transport Venezuelan oil to Vietnam, where the two would together build an oil refinery that Vietnam lacks.
* A large and highly efficient Mongol army, dispatched under Subutai by Genghis Khan to Georgia, defeats two Georgian armies around Tbilisi, but lacks the will or equipment to besiege the city.
Orthothecids fall into two groups: one, the orcothecida sensu stricto, is kidney or heart shaped in cross-section due to a longitudinal groove on its ventral surface, and its opercula bear cardinal processes ; the other has a rounded cross-section and often lacks cardinal processes, making them difficult to distinguish from other cornet-shaped calcareous organisms.
The heraldic leopard lacks spots and sports a mane, making it visually almost identical to the heraldic lion, and the two are often used interchangeably.
Having two bishops ( the bishop pair ) is a particularly powerful weapon, especially if the opposing player lacks one or both of their bishops.
The two subspecies are very similar, but the grass pickerel lacks the redfin's distinctive orange to red fin coloration, its fins having dark leading edges and amber to dusky coloration.
Individuals of some species form two distinct types of parthenogenetic eggs ; one type develops into a normal parthenogenetic female, while the other occurs in response to a changed environment and develops into a degenerate male that lacks a digestive system, but does have a complete male reproductive system that is used to inseminate females thereby producing fertilized ' resting eggs ' ( also termed diapausing eggs ).
Cryptomonads have one or two chloroplasts, except for Chilomonas, which has leucoplasts and Goniomonas ( formerly Cyathomonas ) which lacks plastids entirely.
Although the work lacks the literary merits of the original, Richardson was compelled to publish two more volumes in December 1741 to tell of further exploits of Pamela, the title heroine, while " in her Exalted Condition ".
Because the cor anglais normally lacks the lowest B-flat of the oboe, its sounding range stretches from the E ( written B natural ) below middle C to the C two octaves above middle C.
These two bases are identical except that uracil lacks the 5 ' methyl group.
Built by Gabriel Gill about 1885, it lacks a frame, but the exterior walls serve this purpose, being constructed of three layers of one inch planks, with the middle layer running at a 90 degree angle to the other two.
The two men talk of the injustices of the book trade, allege that Zedler engaged in sharp practices and fraud, say that he lacks finance and accuse his authors of stupidity.
Roger Ebert derided the film with two stars in his review for the Chicago Sun-Times, and mentioned, " it lacks much of the flash, fire and humor of Muhammad Ali and is shot more in the tone of a eulogy than a celebration ".
There is no shape that lacks a color and no shape that has two or more colors.
It lacks continuous hard shoulders, has closely spaced junctions with sub-standard slip road visibility and narrows to a restricted two lane section through the Brynglas Tunnels.
Silvertail is an old lion like Specklerex, though he is two years younger and lacks the leopard rosettes.
" They offer two reasons for the relative autonomy of these customary law systems: one is that the Ethiopian government lacks sufficient resources to enforce its legal system to every corner of Ethiopia ; the other is that the Ethiopian government has made a commitment to preserve these customary systems within its boundaries.
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