Measles ( also sometimes known as English measles ), also known as morbilli, is an infection of the respiratory system caused by a virus, specifically a paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus.

Measles is spread through respiration ( contact with fluids from an infected person's nose and mouth, either directly or through aerosol transmission ), and is highly contagious — 90 % of people without immunity sharing living space with an infected person will catch it.

Measles is caused by the measles virus, a single-stranded, negative-sense enveloped RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae.

Measles is endemic worldwide.

Measles mortality has also declined by more than 90 % in sub-Saharan Africa alone since 2000, and polio is on the brink of elimination, with only four remaining endemic countries in the world.

The first clinical description of immunity which arose from a specific disease causing organism is probably Kitab fi al-jadari wa-al-hasbah ( A Treatise on Smallpox and Measles, translated 1848 ) written by the Islamic physician Al-Razi in the 9th century.

It is involved in the stimulation and maintenance of Th1 cellular immune responses, including the normal host defence against various intracellular pathogens, such as Leishmania, Toxoplasma, Measles virus, and Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ( HIV ).

For example, " Measles " is a descriptor and " epidemiology " is a qualifier ; " Measles / epidemiology " describes the subheading of epidemiological articles about Measles.

* 1972-The rubella vaccine is combined with the measles and mumps vaccines to form the Measles, Mumps and Rubella ( MMR ) vaccine.

Measles is caused by the morbillivirus and spread via the airways.

The Measles initiative was formed in 2001, and credited with reducing global deaths from the disease by 68 % by 2007.

The prime crew had been exposed to German Measles ( the rubella virus ) and, because Mattingly alone had no immunity to the disease, NASA did not want to risk his falling ill during any critical phases of the flight.

Measles virus may persist for years in brain cells, eventually causing a chronic neurologic disease despite the presence of antibodies.

At that time, not much information was known about the disease ; it was originally called Black Measles because patients had a characteristic spotted rash appearance throughout their body.

#" The Measles Song " ( 2: 07 )-Tom sings a folk song about a disease.

Some of the biggest global campaigns that the UN Foundation has been involved in include Nothing But Nets, the Measles Initiative, Better World Campaign, Climate Change, amongst others.

* Cases of Measles myelitis has been described, with at least 1 case of transverse myelitis secondary to measles.

* Measles, though recent evidence has cast some doubt upon the measles association.

The aim was to induce immunity to Measles earlier, as cases in young children had been causing alarm.

Measles, malaria, and tuberculosis brought the population down to no more than 350 ; before contact there had been 15, 000-20, 000 Cofáns.

Measles killed a further two million Mexican natives in the 17th century.

Measles cases reported in England and Wales before and after the introduction of the vaccine, coverage was not widespread enough for herd immunity to interrupt episodic outbreaks until after the MMR vaccine was introduced in 1988.

Measles vaccination programs are often used to deliver other child health interventions, as well, such as bed nets to protect against malaria, antiparasite medicine and vitamin A supplements, and so contribute to the reduction of child deaths from other causes.

Measles cases reported in the United States before and after introduction of the vaccine.

Small Pox, Measles and other diseases the Indians had no immunity for caused widespread epidemic and death.

Razi's book: al-Judari wa al-Hasbah ( On Smallpox and Measles ) was the first book describing smallpox and measles as distinct diseases.

Finally Terror of Girly-Eyes Measles and Date with a Spirit were released on June 21, 1991.

Gregg published an account, Congenital Cataract Following German Measles in the Mother, in 1941.

Gilbert continued with Luba and her family in series such as Luba, Luba's Comics and Stories, and edited to the children's anthology Measles before its early demise.

Between June 1990 and October 1991, Kaiser, along with the Los Angeles County Department of Health, Johns Hopkins University and the CDC carried out a clinical trial of the Edmonton strain of Measles vaccine.

Measles, influenza, and malaria also devastated the Caddo, as these were Eurasian diseases to which they had no immunity.

The Andes is rich in fauna: With almost 3, 500 species, of which roughly 2 / 3 are endemic to the region, the Andes is the most important region in the world for amphibians.

The diversity of animals in the Andes is high, with almost 600 species of mammals ( 13 % endemic ), more than 1, 700 species of birds ( about 1 / 3 endemic ), more than 600 species of reptile ( about 45 % endemic ), and almost 400 species of fish ( about 1 / 3 endemic ).

It is the centre of evolution and radiation of many endemic species of plants and animals.

It is an important refuge for many endemic forest species, including the Asian Elephant, the Sumatran Rhinoceros, the Bornean Clouded Leopard, the Hose's Civet and the Dayak Fruit Bat.

Plague is still endemic in some parts of the world.

Of particular note is the endemic type of humid subtropical laurel forest of macaronesian laurisilva, found on several of the Macaronesian islands of the North Atlantic and Macaronesian African mainland enclaves, namely Madeira Islands, the Azores, Cape Verde Islands and the Canary Islands, a relict of the Pliocene subtropical forests, supporting numerous endemic species.

It is home to the only surviving population of the endemic, and endangered, Cocos Buff-banded Rail.

Costa Rica is home to about 12, 119 species of plants, of which 950 are endemic.

The only forest left completely untouched in Côte d ' Ivoire is Taï National Park ( Parc National de Taï ), a area in the country's far southwest that is home to over 150 endemic species and many other endangered species such as the Pygmy Hippopotamus and 11 species of monkeys.

Other terrestrial mammals include subspecies of the Cretan marten, the Cretan weasel, the Cretan badger, the long-eared hedgehog, the edible dormouse, and the Cretan shrew, a unique endemic species of mammal in Greece, that is unfortunately threatened with extinction.

For urban dwellers, spending vacations and camping out in the wilderness or sleeping at hostels or mud houses in endemic areas can be dangerous ; a mosquito net is recommended.

Blood donations in all endemic Latin American countries undergo Chagas screening, and testing is expanding in countries, such as France, Spain and the United States, that have significant or growing populations of immigrants from endemic areas.

However, it is not currently recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) for most people traveling from the United States to endemic countries.

The World Health Organization ( WHO ) recommends immunization of high risk groups, such as children and people with HIV, in countries where this disease is endemic.

Cyclone is designed to avoid buffer overflows and other vulnerabilities that are endemic in C programs, without losing the power and convenience of C as a tool for system programming.

The Dodo ( Raphus cucullatus ) is an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.

Sideroxylon grandiflorum, known as tambalacoque or dodo tree, is a long-lived tree in the family Sapotaceae, endemic to Mauritius.

The island is home to an endemic subspecies of White-tailed Tropicbird ( Phaethon lepturus europae ).