Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, one of the founders of modern architecture and the last director of the Bauhaus during its period in Dessau and Berlin was born in Aachen as well.

The school existed in three German cities ( Weimar from 1919 to 1925, Dessau from 1925 to 1932 and Berlin from 1932 to 1933 ), under three different architect-directors: Walter Gropius from 1919 to 1928, Hannes Meyer from 1928 to 1930 and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe from 1930 until 1933, when the school was closed by its own leadership under pressure from the Nazi regime.

For instance: the pottery shop was discontinued when the school moved from Weimar to Dessau, even though it had been an important revenue source ; when Mies van der Rohe took over the school in 1930, he transformed it into a private school, and would not allow any supporters of Hannes Meyer to attend it.

When Hitler's chief engineer, Fritz Todt, began opening the new autobahn ( highways ) in 1935, many of the bridges and service stations were " bold examples of modernism " – among those submitting designs was Mies van der Rohe.

Two projects, the apartment building project in Dessau and the Törten row housing also in Dessau, fall in that category, but developing worker housing was not the first priority of Gropius nor Mies.

" Gerrit Rietveld: A Centenary Exhibition " at the Barry Friedman Gallery, New York, in 1988 was the first comprehensive presentation of the Dutch architect's original works ever held in the U. S. The highlight of a celebratory “ Rietveld Year ” in Utrecht, the exhibition “ Rietveld ’ s Universe ” opened at the Centraal Museum and compared him and his work with famous contemporaries like Wright, Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe ( born as Maria Ludwig Michael Mies ; March 27, 1886, Aachen – August 17, 1969, Chicago ) was a German-American architect.

He is commonly referred to, and was addressed, as Mies, his surname.

A physically imposing, deliberative, and reticent man, Ludwig Mies renamed himself as part of his rapid transformation from a tradesman's son to an architect working with Berlin's cultural elite, adding " van der " and his mother's surname " Rohe ", using the Dutch " van der ", rather than the German form " von " which was legally restricted to those of genuine aristocratic lineage.

While continuing his traditional neoclassical design practice Mies began to develop visionary projects that, though mostly unbuilt, rocketed him to fame as an architect capable of giving form that was in harmony with the spirit of the emerging modern society.

Mies ' modernist thinking was influenced by many of the design and art movements of the day.

Like other architects who viewed the Wasmuth Portfolio and its associated exhibit, Mies was enthralled with the free-flowing spaces of inter-connected rooms which encompass their outdoor surroundings as demonstrated by the open floor plans of the American Prairie Style work of Frank Lloyd Wright.

Mies ' architecture was guided by principles at a high level of abstraction, and his own generalized descriptions of those principles intentionally leave much room for interpretation.

By 1933, however, the continued operation of the school was untenable ( it was raided by the Gestapo in April ), and in July of that year, Mies and the faculty voted to close the Bauhaus.

Mies settled in Chicago, Illinois where he was appointed head of the architecture school at Chicago's Armour Institute of Technology ( later renamed Illinois Institute of Technology – IIT ).

Mies designed a series of four middle-income high-rise apartment buildings for developer Herb Greenwald: the 860 – 880 ( which was built between 1949 and 1951 ) and 900 – 910 Lake Shore Drive towers on Chicago's Lakefront.

Mies was chosen by the daughter of the client, Phyllis Bronfman Lambert, who has become a noted architectural figure and patron in her own right.

Mies ' design included a bronze curtain wall with external H-shaped mullions that were exaggerated in depth beyond what was structurally necessary.

But while Mies ' work had enormous influence and critical recognition, his approach failed to sustain a creative force as a style after his death and was eclipsed by the new wave of Post Modernism by the 1980s.

The Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Archive, an administratively independent section of the Museum of Modern Art's department of architecture and design, was established in 1968 by the museum's trustees.

Still another influential affiliation of architects was the group Der Ring ( The Ring ) established by ten architects in Berlin in 1923-24, including: Otto Bartning, Peter Behrens, Hugo Häring, Erich Mendelsohn, Mies van der Rohe, Bruno Taut and Max Taut.

Walter Adolph Georg Gropius ( May 18, 1883 – July 5, 1969 ) was a German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School who, along with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture.

Mies appointed no new faculty other than his close confidant Lilly Reich.

Starting in 1930, Mies served as the last Director of the faltering Bauhaus, at the request of his colleague and competitor Walter Gropius.

The singles " Mies yli Laidan ", " Alasin " and " Pure Minua " were big hits, and " Mies yli Laidan " and " Alasin " were turned into music videos, " Mies yli Laidan " immediately being very popular.

The chair is almost completely hand-laboured, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's signature is stamped into each chair.

Some of Mies ' curriculum is still put in practice in the first and second year programs at IIT, including the precise drafting of brick construction details so unpopular with aspiring student architects.

IBM Plaza ( right ), by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, is a later example of the clean rectilinear lines and glass of the International style ( architecture ) | International Style, whereas Marina City, ( left ), by his student Bertrand Goldberg, reflects a more sculptural Mid-Century Modern aesthetic.

In 1941, a graduate student at the Illinois Institute of Technology accidentally discovered that the Seminary was moving ahead with a plan to demolish the Robie House and informed his instructors, including Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.

In the early 1950s, Professor Emanuel Lindner, lecturer at Bauhaus and student of Mies van der Rohe, together with architect Eberhard Heinrich Zeidler, who now lives in Canada, designed expansion building works for this business.

The Lincoln Oasis was added in 1968 and was unique from the previous five oases in that it was an all-steel building designed by architect David Haid, a one-time student and employee of the world-renowned architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.

Once Mies had established his basic design concept for the general form and details of his tower buildings, he applied those solutions ( with evolving refinements ) to his later high-rise building projects.

Throughout his career, architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe placed his friend Lehmbruck's sculptures and those of Aristide Maillol into his buildings and designs.

House of the family of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe | Mies van der Rohe.

The Dressau city council attempted to convince Gropius to return as head of the school, but Gropius instead suggested Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.

Mies halted the school's manufacture of goods so that the school could focus on teaching.

In late 1932, Mies rented a derelict factory in Berlin to use as the new Bauhaus with his own money.

Mies protested the decision, eventually speaking to the head of the Gestapo, who agreed to allow the school to re-open.

However, shortly after receiving a letter permitting the opening of the Bauhaus, Mies and the other faculty agreed to voluntarily shut down the school.

Emigrants did succeed, however, in spreading the concepts of the Bauhaus to other countries, including the “ New Bauhaus ” of Chicago: Mies decided to emigrate to the United States for the directorship of the School of Architecture at the Armour Institute ( now IIT ) in Chicago and to seek building commissions.

Mies van der Rohe repudiated Meyer's politics, his supporters, and his architectural approach.

As opposed to Gropius's " study of essentials ", and Meyer's research into user requirements, Mies advocated a " spatial implementation of intellectual decisions ", which effectively meant an adoption of his own aesthetics.

Bacardi had architects Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe and Felix Candela design office buildings and a bottling plant for them in Mexico City during the 1950s.

The Loop's historic buildings include the Chicago Board of Trade Building, the Fine Arts Building, 35 East Wacker, and the Chicago Building, 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments by Mies van der Rohe.

Pei's designs echoed the work of Mies van der Rohe in the beginning of his career as also shown in his own weekend-house in Katonah in 1952.