Collectivist anarchists, particularly Mikhail Bakunin, were among the earliest critics of authoritarian communism.

Mikhail Bakunin

For example, individualists like Tucker on the one hand translated and reprinted the works of collectivists like Mikhail Bakunin, while on the other hand rejected the economic aspects of collectivism and communism as incompatible with anarchist ideals.

Social anarchists, including Murray Bookchin, anarcho-communists such as Peter Kropotkin and anarcho-collectivists such as Mikhail Bakunin, are sometimes called left-libertarian.

In that organisation Marx was involved in the struggle against the anarchist wing centred around Mikhail Bakunin ( 1814 – 1876 ).

Out of respect for Mikhail Bakunin, they did not make their differences with collectivist anarchism explicit until after Bakunin's death.

In the context of the European socialist movement, libertarian has conventionally been used to describe those who opposed state socialism, such as Mikhail Bakunin.

Part of this antagonism can be traced to the International Workingmen's Association, the First International, a congress of radical workers, where Mikhail Bakunin, who was fairly representative of anarchist views, and Karl Marx, whom anarchists accused of being an " authoritarian ", came into conflict on various issues.

" in which he dealt with the debate between Karl Marx and Mikhail Bakunin at the First International and afterwards he suggested that " Libertarian marxism rejects determinism and fatalism, giving the greator place to individual will, intuition, imagination, reflex speeds, and to the deep instincts of the masses, which are more far-seeing in hours of crisis than the reasonings of the ‘ elites ’; libertarian marxism thinks of the effects of surprise, provocation and boldness, refuses to be cluttered and paralysed by a heavy ‘ scientific ’ apparatus, doesn ’ t equivocate or bluff, and guards itself from adventurism as much as from fear of the unknown.

Mikhail Bakunin

Collectivist anarchism is most commonly associated with Mikhail Bakunin, the anti-authoritarian sections of the First International, and the early Spanish anarchist movement.

1981 ) ( texts by Mikhail Bakunin, Arthur Arnould ) for 2 high baritones, orchestra ( 12 brass, 2 harps, cimbalom, 2 pianos, 2 percussion, minimum 10 strings, bass guitar )

Following a split between supporters of Marx and Mikhail Bakunin, anarchists formed the International Workers ' Association.

* 1814 – Mikhail Bakunin, Russian revolutionary, and philosopher, and theorist ( d. 1876 )

In addition, the various branches of anarchism, with thinkers such as Mikhail Bakunin, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon or Peter Kropotkin, and syndicalism also gained some prominence.

* Mikhail Bakunin: After Pierre Joseph Proudhon, Bakunin became the most important political philosopher of anarchism.

Proudhon's theory of property greatly influenced the budding socialist movement, inspiring anarchist theorists such as Mikhail Bakunin who modified Proudhon's ideas, as well as antagonizing theorists like Karl Marx.

However, shortly after Mikhail Bakunin and his followers ( called Collectivists while in the International ) joined in 1868, the First International became polarised into two camps, with Marx and Bakunin as their respective figureheads.

* July 1 – Mikhail Bakunin, Russian revolutionary and anarchist ( b. 1814 )

* May 30 – Mikhail Bakunin, Russian anarchist ( d. 1876 )

The First International, however, split between two main tendencies within the organization over the question of political, parliamentary action ; the anarchist wing represented by Mikhail Bakunin and the socialist wing represented by Karl Marx.

# REDIRECT Mikhail Bakunin

Such elements include the essential idea of narrative structure, with identifiable beginnings, middles and ends, or exposition-development-climax-denouement, with important inciting incidents, normally constructed into coherent plot lines ; a strong focus on temporality that includes retention of the past, attention to present action and protention / future anticipation ; a substantial focus on characters and characterization which is " arguably the most important single component of the novel " ( David Lodge The Art of Fiction 67 ); a given hetergloss of different voices dialogically at play, " the sound of the human voice, or many voices, speaking in a variety of accents, rhythms and registers " ( Lodge The Art of Fiction 97 ; see also the theory of Mikhail Bakhtin for expansion of this idea ); possesses a narrator or narrator-like voice, which by definition " addresses " and " interacts with " reading audiences ( see Reader Response theory ); communicates with a Wayne Booth-esque rhetorical thrust, a dialectic process of interpretation, which is at times beneath the surface, conditioning a plotted narrative, and other at other times much more visible, " arguing " for and against various positions ; relies substantially on now-standard aesthetic figuration, particularly including the use of metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche and irony ( see Hayden White, Metahistory for expansion of this idea ); is often enmeshed in intertextuality, with copious connections, references, allusions, similarities, parallels, etc.

According to Pasternak, during the 1937 show trial of General Iona Yakir and Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky, the Union of Soviet Writers requested all members to add their names to a statement supporting the death penalty for the defendants.

He emerged as the leader of the Party's right wing, which included two other Politburo members Alexei Rykov, Lenin's successor as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and Mikhail Tomsky, head of trade unions, and he became chairman of Comintern's executive committee in 1926.

After Mikhail Gorbachev took the office of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in March 1985, he began a series of political reforms that were resisted by many established members of the Communist Party.

Reaching consensus between the various members was easier under Leonid Brezhnev's rule than under Mikhail Gorbachev, whose rule was marked by radical reform which threatened the interest of several institutional players within the system.

There are conflicting reports about the political allegiance of Janet Mikhail and Victor Batarseh, the mayors of Ramallah and Bethlehem, they may be close to the PFLP without being members.

Some alleged he had connections to the KGB, the allegations continued during 2003-2008, when Russian dissident Vladimir Bukovsky, who had been granted access to Soviet archives, declared that Iliescu and some of the NSF members were KGB agents, that Iliescu had been in close connection with Mikhail Gorbachev ever since they had allegedly met during Iliescu's stay in Moscow, and that the Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a plot organized by the KGB to regain control of the country's policies ( gradually lost under Ceaușescu's rule ).

Except perhaps for Cui, the members of this group influenced or taught many of the great Russian composers who were to follow, including Alexander Glazunov, Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Sergei Prokofiev, Igor Stravinsky, and Dmitri Shostakovich.

Other active members include: Benjamin Bassin, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, Juan Luis Cebrian, Orio Giarini, Talat Halman, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Javier Solana, Mugur Isărescu, Kamal Hossain, Esko Kalimo, Ashok Khosla, Martin Lees, Roberto Peccei, Maria Ramirez Ribes, Victor A. Sadovnichy, Keith Suter, Majid Tehranian, Raoul Weiler, and Mikhail Gorbachev.

One of the complaints was that Lasker had never played the other two members of the top four, Siegbert Tarrasch and Mikhail Chigorin – although Tarrasch had rejected a challenge from Lasker in 1892, publicly telling him to go and win an international tournament first.

Other prominent members included Sergei Medvedev and Mikhail Vladimirov ( leaders of the Metalworkers ' Union ), Alexander Tolokontsev and Genrikh Bruno ( artilleries industry leaders ), Mikhail Chelyshev ( a member of the Party Control Commission ), Ivan Kutuzov ( chairman of the Textileworkers ' Union ), Kirill Orlov ( member of the Council of Military Industry and a participant in the 1905 mutiny on the Russian battleship Potemkin ), and Aleksei Kiselyov ( chairman of the Miners ' Union ).

He received national attention after the Soviet Coup of 1991, in which a conspiracy of government members opposing the perestroika had sought the overthrow of Mikhail Gorbachev's government and the reversal of some of his liberalizing political reforms.

Kadet leaders on the Right like Central Committee members Vasily Maklakov, Mikhail Chelnokov, Nikolai Gredeskul and Ariadna Tyrkova-Williams, on the other hand, argued for a shift to the Right.

Among the other members of this school were such names as Boris Uspensky, Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov, Vladimir Toporov, Mikhail Gasparov, Alexander Piatigorsky, Isaak I. Revzin, Georgii Lesskis, Igor Grigorievitch Savostin and others.

In January 1987 Mikhail Gorbachev announced the new policy of ' democratization ' under which future Soviet elections would offer the electorate a choice between multiple candidates per position, although all candidates would continue to be CPSU members.

Soviet Presidium members Anastas Mikoyan and Mikhail Suslov visited Budapest on October 24-during the first Soviet military intervention-to assess the situation.

The thawing of the Cold War and subsequent break up of the Soviet Union yielded a formal invitation from Mikhail Gorbachev for JDC ’ s return to the region in 1989 ; 50 years after Joseph Stalin brutally expelled the organization, killing several JDC members in the process.

The 1991 Soviet coup d ' état attempt ( 19 – 21 August 1991 ), also known as the August Putsch or August Coup (, Translit: Avgustovsky Putch ), was a coup d ' état attempt by a group of members of the Soviet Union's government to take control of the country from Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev.

A middle-aged revolutionary named Giuseppi Fanelli came to Spain on a journey planned by Mikhail Bakunin in order to recruit members for the First International, an international organization that aimed to unify groups working for the benefit of the working class, which later came to be dominated by Marxists.

Apart from Kapitsa, other prominent scientists who taught at MIPT in the years that followed included Nobel prize winners Nikolay Semyonov, Lev Landau, Alexandr Prokhorov, Vitaly Ginzburg ; and Academy of Sciences members Sergey Khristianovich, Mikhail Lavrentiev, Mstislav Keldysh, Sergey Korolyov, and Boris Rauschenbach.

Born in Naples, Italy, he visited Spain in 1868 on a journey planned by anarchist Mikhail Bakunin in order to recruit members for the First International.

* A series of attacks on border outposts of the newly-independent Republic of Lithuania during the January – July 1991, resulting in several summary execution-style deaths of the unarmed customs officers and other people ( including former members of Vilnius OMON ), were attributed to Riga OMON ; some sources say that the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev had lost control of the unit.

Significant members of this family included General Mikhail Illarionovich Golenischev-Kutuzov, well-known poet of the end of 19th century ; Arsenii Arkadievich Golenischev-Kutuzov, composer ; and Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky.

Among the elected alternate members of the Central Committee was Mikhail Kalinin.