The contemporary Mississippian culture also collapsed during this period.

Columbia was settled in Pre-Columbian times by the mound-building Mississippian culture of Native Americans.

: Not to be confused with the " Mississippian period " describing the dominance of the Mississippian culture.

Category: Mississippian culture

In the five centuries prior to European contact, the Mississippian culture built numerous regional chiefdoms and major earthwork mounds in the Ohio Valley, such as Angel Mounds near Evansville, Indiana, as well as in the Mississippi Valley and the Southeast.

Cultures who built substructure mounds include the Troyville culture, Coles Creek culture, Plaquemine culture and Mississippian cultures.

Category: Mississippian culture

* Mississippian culture disappears.

In the Americas, the Toltec and Mixtec civilizations flourished in central America, along with the Huari Culture of South America and the Mississippian culture of North America.

* The Mississippian culture begins in present day Southern United States

* Mississippian culture flourishes in North America.

In North America, the Mississippian culture rose at the end of the millennium in the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys.

They may have migrated from the north and moved south into Muscogee Creek territory and settled at the sites of mounds built by the Mississippian culture.

During early research, archeologists had mistakenly attributed several Mississippian culture sites to the Cherokee, including Moundville and Etowah Mounds.

The earliest ones of the mid-16th century encountered people of the Mississippian culture, the ancestors to later tribes in the Southeast such as the Creek and Catawba.

In 1730, at Nikwasi, a former Mississippian culture site, a Scots adventurer, Sir Alexander Cumming, crowned Moytoy of Tellico as " Emperor " of the Cherokee.

They were descendants of the Mississippian culture peoples, who built earthwork mounds at their regional chiefdoms located throughout the Mississippi River valley and its tributaries.

The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American culture that flourished in the United States before the arrival of Europeans.

The Mississippian culture arose as the cultivation of Mesoamerican crops of corn and beans led to population growth.

The early historic Muscogee were probably descendants of the mound builders of the Mississippian culture along the Tennessee River in modern Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama.

The late Mississippian culture is what the earliest Spanish explorers encountered, beginning on April 2, 1513, with Juan Ponce de León's Florida landing and the 1526 Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón expedition in South Carolina.

Negative painting is a technique employed by precontact Mississippian potters in the Eastern Woodlands, Mayan potters in Mesoamerica, and others, which involves covering the ceramic piece in beeswax or another resist, incised a design in the resist, then soaking the piece with a slip.

* Mississippian culture pottery is the ceramic tradition of the Mississippian culture ( 800 – 1600 CE ) found as artifacts in archaeological sites in the American Midwest and Southeast.

Image: Mississippian Underwater Panther ceramic. JPG |< center > Ceramic underwater panther jug, Rose Mound ( Mississippian culture )

They are effigy and geometric mounds, different from the platform mounds at nearby Aztalan State Park, built by peoples of the Mississippian culture, which reached its peak about 1300 CE, had settlements throughout the Mississippi Valley and its tributaries, extending from central Illinois northward to the Great Lakes and also to the Southeastern United States.

File: Hampson effigypot HRoe 2006. jpg | A human head effigy pot from the Mississippian culture

* A number of Mississippian culture stone effigy pipes and other artifacts from the Craig Mound at the Spiro Site.

Image: Spiro Lucifer Pipe HRoe 2005. jpg |< center > Stone effigy pipe, Spiro Mounds ( Mississippian culture )

Over time, and possibly through contact with the Middle Mississippian culture to their northeast, the Fourche Maline became the Caddoan Mississippian culture.

The early historic Creeks were probably descendants of the mound builders of the Mississippian culture along the Tennessee River in modern Tennessee and Alabama, and possibly related to the Utinahica of southern Georgia.

* Cahokia: The largest and most complex Mississippian site and the largest Pre-Columbian settlement north of Mexico, Cahokia was possibly the first, and is considered to have been the most influential of the Mississippian culture centers.

In 1986, the Itawamba County Development Council purchased the Mississippian Railway and transferred it over to the Mississippian Railway Cooperative, an entity directly representing industries that relied on the railroad to transport their products.

The Mississippian is about twice as long as the Pennsylvanian, but due to the large thickness of coal bearing deposits with Pennsylvanian ages in Europe and North America, the two subperiods were long thought to have been more or less equal.

As with most other geochronologic units, the rock beds that define the Mississippian are well identified, but the exact start and end dates are uncertain by a few million years.

The Mississippian is so named because rocks with this age are exposed in the Mississippi River valley.

The Mississippian began with a spike in atmospheric oxygen, while carbon dioxide plummeted to unheard-of lows.

What are today know as the Five Civilized Tribes originated in the Southeast part of the United States, and were probably descendents of the Mississippian culture, an agrarian culture that grew crops of corn and beans, with urban centers and regional chiefdoms, of which the greatest was the settlement known as Cahokia, in present-day Illinois.

Mountain ridges within Fulton County include Rays Hill ( along the eastern border with Bedford County ), Town Hill, Sideling Hill, Scrub Ridge, and Meadow Grounds Mountain, and all these are held up by the Mississippian Pocono Formation, made of quartz sandstone and conglomerate.

Indian artifacts collected in DeSoto County link it with prehistoric groups of Woodland and Mississippian Indians.

The original site of Natchez was developed as a major village with ceremonial platform mounds, built by people of the prehistoric Plaquemine culture, part of the Mississippian culture.

The Mississippian culture of A. D. 900 to 1450 was the most prominent of these with many large mounds built throughout Davidson County.

Just south of the town is Aztalan State Park, the site of an ancient Mississippian settlement with two small, flat-topped platform mounds.

While moats are commonly associated with European castles, they were also developed by North American Indians of the Mississippian culture as the outer defence of some fortified villages.

The Five Civilized Tribes were Indigenous peoples of the Americas who lived in the Southeastern United States, and most were descendants of what we now call the Mississippian culture, an agrarian culture that grew crops of corn and beans, with hereditary religious and political elites, that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from 800 to 1500 C. E.

Some rock groups from the South, such as Georgia's R. E. M., The B-52's, Widespread Panic, and Black Crowes, Florida's Sister Hazel, Blind Melon's Mississippian lead guitarist, and Texas's Stevie Ray Vaughan, The Fabulous Thunderbirds and Joe Ely incorporated Southern musical and lyrical themes without explicitly allying with any Southern rock movement.

A Mississippian culture | Mississippian-era priest, with a ceremonial flint mace and a severed head.

Armed with these new urban warfare skills, the U. S. Army along with Texan, Mississippian, and Tennessee volunteers moved house to house, rooting out Mexican soldiers hiding on rooftops and inside the thick, adobe-walled houses of northern Mexico.

Ironstone ( sandstone with iron oxides ) from the Mississippian Breathitt Formation, Mile Marker 166, Interstate 64 in Kentucky | I-64, Kentucky

These tribes and earlier peoples, collectively known as the Mississippian culture, had long used the Trace for trade, so they likely used it with the Europeans.

Mound building at this location began with the Emergent Mississippian cultural period, about the 9th century CE.