* Modernization theory

Modernization theory and history have been explicitly used as guides for countries eager to develop rapidly, such as China.

Modernization theory has been criticized, mainly because it conflated modernization with Westernization.

Modernization in theory, should lead to wealthier more economically productive countries, however, the corruption that runs rampant through Africa ’ s nations has not allowed for much of this prosperity and growth to take place.

* Modernization theory

Modernization theory is a theory used to explain the process of modernization within societies.

Modernization theory attempts to identify the social variables which contribute to social progress and development of societies, and seeks to explain the process of social evolution.

Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and free-market ideologies, world-systems theorists, globalization theory and dependency theory among others.

Modernization theory not only stresses the process of change but also the responses to that change.

# REDIRECT Modernization theory

* Modernization theory

Modernization theory was presented by Wehler and the Bielefeld School as the way to transform " traditional " German history, that is, national political history, centered on a few " great men ," into an integrated and comparative history of German society encompassing societal structures outside politics.

His book: " Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France 1870-1914 ", for instance, is a classic presentation of modernization theory.

# REDIRECT Modernization theory

Modernization theory and history have been explicitly used as guides for countries eager to develop rapidly, such as China.

According to Olivier De Schutter, the UN special rapporteur on food, there was a rush by institutions to enter the food market following George W Bush's Commodities Futures Modernization Act of 2000.

The founding document of the movement is considered to be the manifesto Fifth Modernization by Wei Jingsheng, who was sentenced to fifteen years in prison for authoring the document.

Initially Medicare consisted exclusively of Part A, which covers hospital and other inpatient services, and Part B, which covers outpatient care, physician visits, and other “ medically necessary services .” Congress then added Medicare Part C ( originally called Medicare + Choice, then later changed to Medicare Advantage ), which allows enrollees to receive their Medicare benefits through a private plan, under the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, while Medicare Part D was created under the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003.

Anyone with Part A or B is eligible for Part D. It was made possible by the passage of the Medicare Modernization Act.

Modernization closed the mill in 1956 and the town was acquired by the West family in 1958.

As Congress was considering the Proxmire Financial Modernization Act in 1988, the Commission of the European Communities proposed a “ Second Banking Directive ” that became effective at the beginning of 1993 and provided for the combination of commercial and investment banking throughout the European Economic Community.

Gramm was one of five co-sponsors of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000.

Gramm's support was later critical in the passage of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000, which kept derivatives transactions, including those involving credit default swaps, free of government regulation.

The FCS program was canceled in June 2009 with all remaining systems swept into the BCT Modernization program.

He is most prominent for having authored the essay, Fifth Modernization, which was posted on the " Democracy Wall " in Beijing in 1978.

The Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000, which was also responsible for the Enron loophole, specifically stated that CDSs are neither futures nor securities and so are outside the remit of the SEC and CFTC.

The central role of the peasants in national development was espoused by Hou Yuon in his 1955 thesis, The Cambodian Peasants and Their Prospects for Modernization, which challenged the conventional view that urbanization and industrialization are necessary precursors of development.

Modernization theorists, such as Raimondo Luraghi, have argued that as the Industrial Revolution was expanding on a worldwide scale, the days of wrath were coming for a series of agrarian, pre-capitalistic, " backward " societies throughout the world, from the Italian and American South to India.

He has served as one of the chief Republican negotiators on the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, which was recently passed by the U. S. House of Representatives.

The Fifth Modernization was a signed wall poster placed by Wei Jingsheng on December 5, 1978, on the Democracy Wall in Beijing.

4541 was introduced in the House of Representatives on May 25, 2000, as the Commodities Futures Modernization Act of 2000.

Another Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 was introduced in the Senate on June 8, 2000, as S. 2697.

According to Olivier De Schutter, the UN special rapporteur on food, there was a rush by institutions to enter the food market following the Commodity Futures Modernization Act.

In this position, he was responsible for administering the Medicare and Medicaid programs, including Medicare Part D, the prescription drug benefit program engendered by the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act.

Modernization emerged in the late 19th century and was especially popular among scholars in the mid-20th century.

A new weapon, the AGM-131 SRAM II, began development in 1981, intended to arm the resurrected B-1B, but it was cancelled in 1991 by then president George H. W. Bush along with most of the U. S. Strategic Modernization effort ( including Peacekeeper Mobile ( Rail ) Garrison, Small ICBM and Minuteman III modernization ) in an effort by the U. S. to ease nuclear pressure on the disintegrating Soviet Union.

The central role of the peasants in national development was espoused in his 1955 thesis, The Cambodian Peasants and Their Prospects for Modernization (), which challenged the conventional view that urbanization and industrialization are necessary precursors of development.

HSAs were established as part of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act which was signed into law by President George W. Bush on December 8, 2003.

The latter found that Vincent could keep his job with the Civil Service and, though the Supreme Court ruled that civil servants continued to be employees of the monarch, Royal Assent was granted to the Public Service Modernization Act in 2003, which removed the necessity of the bureaucratic civil servants to take the oath to their employer.

Pursuant to the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003, " Medicare + Choice " plans were made more attractive to Medicare beneficiaries by the addition of prescription drug coverage and became known as " Medicare Advantage " ( MA ) plans.

The Five-Year Modernization Plan Perry introduced in March 1996 reflected his basic assumptions that the Defense budget would not decline in FY 1997 and would grow thereafter ; that DoD would realize significant savings from infrastructure cuts, most importantly base closings ; and that other savings would come by contracting out many support activities and reforming the defense acquisition system.

Modernization schemes continued with seven F-5Es sold to Singapore and some funding used to upgrade most of the remaining others with the AN / APG-67 radar ( found on the aborted F-20 Tigershark, once an aircraft under evaluation by the RJAF ), modern fire control systems, and WVR AAMs, thus putting the F-5 on par with more modern aircraft in terms of electronics.

* Suveica, Svetlana, Bessarabia in the First Interwar Decade ( 1918 – 1928 ): Modernization by Means of Reforms, Chisinau: Pontos, 2010, 360 p. ( Romanian ) ISBN 978-9975-51-070-7.

* Japanese Students at Cambridge University in the Meiji Era, 1868 – 1912: Pioneers for the Modernization of Japan, by Noboru Koyama, translated by Ian Ruxton September 2004, ISBN 1-4116-1256-6 ).

The Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization ( FRAM ) program of the United States Navy extended the lives of World War II-era destroyers by shifting their mission from a surface attack role to that of a submarine hunter.

The scale of events being simulated by computer simulations has far exceeded anything possible ( or perhaps even imaginable ) using the traditional paper-and-pencil mathematical modeling: over 10 years ago, a desert-battle simulation, of one force invading another, involved the modeling of 66, 239 tanks, trucks and other vehicles on simulated terrain around Kuwait, using multiple supercomputers in the DoD High Performance Computer Modernization Program.

Over-the-counter credit derivatives were eventually excluded from regulation by the CFTC by the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000.

On February 2012, The FAA Air Transportation Modernization and Safety Improvement Act of 2012 requires a joint plan to be submitted in 180 days by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of Defense.

Modernization through development has led to problems in Nigeria by bringing in private, foreign owned oil companies that have been exploiting the natural resource wealth of the country.