If this etymology is combined with the tradition reported by Geoffrey of Monmouth stating that Ambrosius Aurelianus ordered the building of Stonehenge – which is located within the parish of Amesbury ( and where Ambrosius was supposedly buried ) – and with the presence of an Iron Age hill fort also in that parish, then it may be tempting to connect Ambrosius with Amesbury.

* Molly Pitcher was a nickname given to a woman said to have fought in the American Battle of Monmouth, who is generally believed to have been Mary Ludwig Hays McCauly.

It is located 15 miles ( 24 km ) west of Monmouth on the A40 and A465 roads, 6 miles ( 10 km ) from the English border.

* 1685 – Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth is executed at Tower Hill, England after his defeat at the Battle of Sedgemoor on 6 July 1685.

They include " Kadeir Teyrnon " (" The Chair of the Prince "), which refers to " Arthur the Blessed ", " Preiddeu Annwn " (" The Spoils of Annwn "), which recounts an expedition of Arthur to the Otherworld, and " Marwnat vthyr pen " (" The Elegy of Uther Pen "), which refers to Arthur's valour and is suggestive of a father-son relationship for Arthur and Uther that pre-dates Geoffrey of Monmouth.

Furthermore, Monmouth derived many of his character's names from " Culhwch and Olwen "; Sir Kay comes from " Kai "; Sir Bedivere is derived from " Bedwyr "; and lastly Sir Gawain is " Gwalchmei " in Welsh.

As Taylor and Brewer have noted, this return to the medieval " chronicle tradition "' of Geoffrey of Monmouth and the Historia Brittonum is a recent trend which became dominant in Arthurian literature in the years following the outbreak of the Second World War, when Arthur's legendary resistance to Germanic invaders struck a chord in Britain.

* 1914 – World War I: the first British Royal Navy defeat of the war with Germany, the Battle of Coronel, is fought off of the western coast of Chile, in the Pacific, with the loss of HMS Good Hope and HMS Monmouth.

* July 15 – The Duke of Monmouth is executed at Tower Hill, London.

The plot of Cymbeline is based on a tale in the chronicles of Raphael Holinshed and is ultimately derived from part of the Historia Regum Britanniae of Geoffrey of Monmouth about the real-life British monarch Cunobelinus.

Monmouth ( ; Welsh: Trefynwy meaning " town on the Monnow ") is a traditional county town in southeast Wales.

It is within the Monmouthshire local authority, and the parliamentary constituency of Monmouth.

The name Monmouth is an English contraction of ' Monnow-mouth '.

The only evidence of continuing settlement at Monmouth is a record of a 7th century church, at an unknown location within the town, dedicated to the Welsh saint Cadoc.

The priory may have once been the residence of the monk Geoffrey of Monmouth, who was born around 1100 and is best known for writing the chronicle Historia Regum Britanniae (" History of the Kings of Britain ").

Monmouth is located in an area of Devonian old red sandstone, at the point where the River Wye is joined by its tributary, the River Monnow, and immediately north of the point at which the smaller River Trothy flows into the Wye from the west.

Monmouth is located beside the A40 dual carriageway road that links the M4 motorway at Newport in South Wales with the M50 motorway at Ross-on-Wye ; this connects in turn with the M5 motorway south of Worcester in the West Midlands.

In elections for the Welsh Assembly, the town is part of the Monmouth constituency ; the current AM is Nick Ramsay ( Conservative ).

It is administered as part of Monmouthshire County Council, and is within the Monmouth parliamentary constituency and Wales Assembly constituency.

The fireplace had tiles made for Mrs. Monmouth by Picasso himself.

This story was later retold with more detail by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his fictionalized Historia Regum Britanniae, conflating the personage of Ambrosius with the Welsh tradition of Merlin the visionary, known for oracular utterances that foretold the coming victories of the native Celtic inhabitants of Britain over the Saxons and the Normans.

Mary Stewart's The Crystal Cave follows Geoffrey of Monmouth in calling him Aurelius Ambrosius and portrays him as the father of Merlin, the elder brother of Uther ( hence uncle of Arthur ), an initiate of Mithras, and generally admired by everyone except the Saxons.

Feeling against Catholics, and especially against James, Duke of York, was running strongly ; the Exclusion Bill had been passed by the House of Commons, and the popularity of James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, was very great.

In 1685, Defoe joined the ill-fated Monmouth Rebellion but gained a pardon by which he escaped the Bloody Assizes of Judge George Jeffreys.

Severin concludes his investigations by stating that the real Robinson Crusoe figure was Henry Pitman, a castaway who had been surgeon to the Duke of Monmouth.

Pitman's short book about his desperate escape from a Caribbean penal colony for his part in the Monmouth Rebellion, his shipwrecking and subsequent desert island misadventures was published by J. Taylor of Paternoster Street, London, whose son William Taylor later published Defoe's novel.

Geoffrey of Monmouth Latinised this to Caliburnus ( likely influenced by the medieval Latin spelling calibs of Classical Latin chalybs, from Greek " χάλυψ ", " steel "), the name of Arthur's sword in his 12th-century work Historia Regum Britanniae.

Official attempts to suppress these led to a rising in 1679, defeated by James Duke of Monmouth, the King's illegitimate son, at the Battle of Bothwell Bridge.

According to the legendary Historia Regum Britanniae, of Geoffrey of Monmouth, London was founded by Brutus of Troy after he defeated the incumbent giants Gog and Magog and was known as, ( Latin for New Troy ), which, according to a pseudo-etymology, was corrupted to Trinovantum.

Many of the later sources may also have formed part of a propaganda effort designed to create a history for the people of Ireland that could bear comparison with the mythological descent of their British invaders from the founders of Rome that was promulgated by Geoffrey of Monmouth and others.

Mordred, Arthur's final foe according to Geoffrey of Monmouth, illustrated by Henry Justice Ford | H. J. Ford for Andrew Lang's King Arthur: The Tales of the Round Table, 1902

From May 1684, the King's illegitimate son, James Scott, Duke of Monmouth, lived in the Netherlands, where he was fêted by William and Mary.

To William's relief, Monmouth was defeated, captured and executed, but both he and Mary were dismayed by James's subsequent actions.

Geoffrey of Monmouth says that after establishing peace throughout Britain, Arthur " increased his personal entourage by inviting very distinguished men from far-distant kingdoms to join it.

It should be pointed out that both explanations were mooted in the 12th century by Geoffrey of Monmouth ( below ), who extolled the curative properties of the stones and was also the first to advance the idea that Stonehenge was constructed as a funerary monument.

St David's Metropolitan Status as an archbishopric was later supported by Bernard, Bishop of St David's, Geoffrey of Monmouth and Gerald of Wales.

According to the Historia Regum Britanniae written by Geoffrey of Monmouth in around 1136, " the coast of Totnes " was where Brutus of Troy, the mythical founder of Britain, first came ashore on the island.

Excavations undertaken by the Monmouth Archaeological Society on sites along Monnow Street have uncovered a wealth of information about the early history of the town.

A town grew up around it, and a Benedictine priory was established around 1075 by Withenoc, a Breton who became lord of Monmouth after Roger, the son of William fitzOsbern, was disgraced.

King Edward II was briefly imprisoned at Monmouth Castle in 1326 after being overthrown by his wife Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer, the Earl of March.

The boy was known as Henry of Monmouth before his coronation as Henry V ; supported by longbowmen from the area, he won the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.

However, as a border town, its prosperity suffered after nearby areas, including Usk and Grosmont, were devastated through attacks by supporters of Owain Glyndŵr around 1405, though Monmouth itself did not come under attack.

Image: Old map of Monmouth, Wales. jpg | thumb | right | 400px | alt = 1610 Map of Monmouth by John Speed, roll over the image to link to the places lifted | 1610 Map of Monmouth by John Speed, roll over the map key to link to the places listed.