This story was later retold with more detail by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his fictionalized Historia Regum Britanniae, conflating the personage of Ambrosius with the Welsh tradition of Merlin the visionary, known for oracular utterances that foretold the coming victories of the native Celtic inhabitants of Britain over the Saxons and the Normans.

If this etymology is combined with the tradition reported by Geoffrey of Monmouth stating that Ambrosius Aurelianus ordered the building of Stonehenge – which is located within the parish of Amesbury ( and where Ambrosius was supposedly buried ) – and with the presence of an Iron Age hill fort also in that parish, then it may be tempting to connect Ambrosius with Amesbury.

* Molly Pitcher was a nickname given to a woman said to have fought in the American Battle of Monmouth, who is generally believed to have been Mary Ludwig Hays McCauly.

Immediately prior to his appointment to Canterbury he was the Bishop of Monmouth in Wales.

Whilst at Monmouth he was later, for a shorter period, also the Archbishop of Wales.

Feeling against Catholics, and especially against James, Duke of York, was running strongly ; the Exclusion Bill had been passed by the House of Commons, and the popularity of James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, was very great.

Severin concludes his investigations by stating that the real Robinson Crusoe figure was Henry Pitman, a castaway who had been surgeon to the Duke of Monmouth.

Pitman's short book about his desperate escape from a Caribbean penal colony for his part in the Monmouth Rebellion, his shipwrecking and subsequent desert island misadventures was published by J. Taylor of Paternoster Street, London, whose son William Taylor later published Defoe's novel.

The English Civil War ( also known as the Great Rebellion ) was still within living memory for most of the major English participants in the events of 1688, and for them, in comparison to that war ( or even the Monmouth Rebellion of 1685 ) the deaths in the conflict of 1688 were mercifully few.

Following basic training at Fort Monmouth, he was assigned to the old Paramount studios in Astoria, Queens ( where he had directed three films in the early 1930s ), although he was permitted to lodge at the St. Regis Hotel in Manhattan.

According to the legendary Historia Regum Britanniae, of Geoffrey of Monmouth, London was founded by Brutus of Troy after he defeated the incumbent giants Gog and Magog and was known as, ( Latin for New Troy ), which, according to a pseudo-etymology, was corrupted to Trinovantum.

Geoffrey of Monmouth greatly expanded the story in his influential 12th-century pseudohistory Historia Regum Britanniae, which was adapted into several other languages.

Many of the later sources may also have formed part of a propaganda effort designed to create a history for the people of Ireland that could bear comparison with the mythological descent of their British invaders from the founders of Rome that was promulgated by Geoffrey of Monmouth and others.

The creator of the familiar literary persona of Arthur was Geoffrey of Monmouth, with his pseudo-historical Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ), written in the 1130s.

From May 1684, the King's illegitimate son, James Scott, Duke of Monmouth, lived in the Netherlands, where he was fêted by William and Mary.

Monmouth was viewed as a rival to the Duke of York, and as a potential Protestant heir who could supplant James in the line of succession.

To William's relief, Monmouth was defeated, captured and executed, but both he and Mary were dismayed by James's subsequent actions.

It should be pointed out that both explanations were mooted in the 12th century by Geoffrey of Monmouth ( below ), who extolled the curative properties of the stones and was also the first to advance the idea that Stonehenge was constructed as a funerary monument.

St David's Metropolitan Status as an archbishopric was later supported by Bernard, Bishop of St David's, Geoffrey of Monmouth and Gerald of Wales.

According to the Historia Regum Britanniae written by Geoffrey of Monmouth in around 1136, " the coast of Totnes " was where Brutus of Troy, the mythical founder of Britain, first came ashore on the island.

The issue of whether Monmouth should be considered as part of Wales for administrative purposes was finally clarified in law by the Local Government Act 1972, which incorporated Monmouthshire within Wales.

The battlefield of the Battle of Sedgemoor, where the Monmouth Rebellion was finally crushed in 1685 is nearby.

Unable to trap Lafayette, the British resumed their march north from Philadelphia to New York ; the Continental Army, including Lafayette, followed and finally attacked at the Monmouth Courthouse in New Jersey.

She was became a chapel hulk in 1859, was renamed HMS Monmouth in 1868, and was finally sold in 1902.

Washington, advancing with the main force along the Monmouth road, encountered Lee's fleeing troops and finally Lee himself, with the British in hot pursuit.

He soon found himself bound for North America to fight in the American War of Independence, seeing action in Brooklyn in August 1776, Brandywine, Germantown and Monmouth Court House before finally being taken prisoner at the final Battle of Yorktown in 1781.

Official attempts to suppress these led to a rising in 1679, defeated by James Duke of Monmouth, the King's illegitimate son, at the Battle of Bothwell Bridge.

However, Monmouth is defeated at the Battle of Sedgemoor, and his associates are sought for treason.

When James II came to the throne in 1685 the local gentry and the Wiltshire Militia supported him against the Duke of Monmouth who was defeated.

Hickes, who was a member of Monmouth's defeated army, brought with him Richard Nelthorpe, another supporter of Monmouth and under sentence of outlawry.

Just as Virgil, in the Aeneid, credited the founding of Ancient Rome to exiles from a defeated Troy, so later English writers such as William Caxton and Raphael Holinshed, adapting the medieval pseudo-history of the Welsh-Norman author Geoffrey of Monmouth, credited another band of Trojan exiles for the foundation of a British realm.

During Morgan's freshman year at the university, the Monmouth Hawks defeated Rider University to become the Northeast Conference champions.

The Army defeated the Monmouth Rebellion against James, which was followed by harsh repression, especially in the West Country.

The Monmouth All-Stars defeated the Ocean County, New Jersey All-Stars 6 – 5 in Overtime, with proceeds benefiting Jeremy Zalinsky, a 6-year-old Brick Township resident afflicted with pontine glioma, a cancerous tumor of the brain stem.

As a consequence Morton joins Burley in an uprising of Covenanters ( who wanted the re-establishment of presbyterianism in Scotland ) which was eventually defeated at the Battle of Bothwell Bridge in 1679, by forces led by the Duke of Monmouth and John Graham of Claverhouse.

Alysheba then defeated Bet Twice in the Philip K. Iselin Handicap at Monmouth Park Racetrack.

In the contentious election of 1831, Beaufort was defeated by Benjamin Hall at Monmouth Boroughs.

The fireplace had tiles made for Mrs. Monmouth by Picasso himself.

Mary Stewart's The Crystal Cave follows Geoffrey of Monmouth in calling him Aurelius Ambrosius and portrays him as the father of Merlin, the elder brother of Uther ( hence uncle of Arthur ), an initiate of Mithras, and generally admired by everyone except the Saxons.

In 1685, Defoe joined the ill-fated Monmouth Rebellion but gained a pardon by which he escaped the Bloody Assizes of Judge George Jeffreys.

Geoffrey of Monmouth Latinised this to Caliburnus ( likely influenced by the medieval Latin spelling calibs of Classical Latin chalybs, from Greek " χάλυψ ", " steel "), the name of Arthur's sword in his 12th-century work Historia Regum Britanniae.

Mordred, Arthur's final foe according to Geoffrey of Monmouth, illustrated by Henry Justice Ford | H. J. Ford for Andrew Lang's King Arthur: The Tales of the Round Table, 1902

Geoffrey of Monmouth says that after establishing peace throughout Britain, Arthur " increased his personal entourage by inviting very distinguished men from far-distant kingdoms to join it.

Excavations undertaken by the Monmouth Archaeological Society on sites along Monnow Street have uncovered a wealth of information about the early history of the town.

A town grew up around it, and a Benedictine priory was established around 1075 by Withenoc, a Breton who became lord of Monmouth after Roger, the son of William fitzOsbern, was disgraced.

King Edward II was briefly imprisoned at Monmouth Castle in 1326 after being overthrown by his wife Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer, the Earl of March.

The boy was known as Henry of Monmouth before his coronation as Henry V ; supported by longbowmen from the area, he won the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.

However, as a border town, its prosperity suffered after nearby areas, including Usk and Grosmont, were devastated through attacks by supporters of Owain Glyndŵr around 1405, though Monmouth itself did not come under attack.

Image: Old map of Monmouth, Wales. jpg | thumb | right | 400px | alt = 1610 Map of Monmouth by John Speed, roll over the image to link to the places lifted | 1610 Map of Monmouth by John Speed, roll over the map key to link to the places listed.