The Alabama River's main tributary, the Coosa River, crosses the mineral region of Alabama and is navigable for light-draft boats from Rome, Georgia, to about above Wetumpka ( about below Rome and below Greensport ), and from Wetumpka to its junction with the Tallapoosa.

Amblygonite is a fluorophosphate mineral, ( Li, Na ) AlPO < sub > 4 </ sub >( F, OH ), composed of lithium, sodium, aluminium, phosphate, fluoride and hydroxide.

This form of rock consists mostly of the minerals gibbsite Al ( OH )< sub > 3 </ sub >, boehmite γ-AlO ( OH ), and diaspore α-AlO ( OH ), in a mixture with the two iron oxides goethite and hematite, the clay mineral kaolinite, and small amounts of anatase TiO < sub > 2 </ sub >.

Plasma, which constitutes 55 % of blood fluid, is mostly water ( 92 % by volume ), and contains dissipated proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide ( plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation ), and blood cells themselves.

Examples of such substances are mineral salts ( such as table salt ), solids like carbon and diamond, metals, and familiar silica and silicate minerals such as quartz and granite.

Of the human body's solid components after drying and burning of organics ( as for example, after cremation ), about a third of the total " mineral " mass remaining, is the approximately one kilogram of calcium that composes the average skeleton ( the remainder being mostly phosphorus and oxygen ).

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms ( plants, animals and microbes ) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment ( things like air, water and mineral soil ), interacting as a system.

Instead of most days having an associated saint as in the Roman Catholic calendar of saints, each day has an animal ( days ending in 5 ), a tool ( days ending in 0 ) or else a plant or mineral ( all other days ).< ref >

The name was derived from the mineral fluorite ( calcium difluoride ), some examples of which contain traces of divalent europium, which serves as the fluorescent activator to emit blue light.

In 1880, Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac observed spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium in samples of gadolinite ( which actually contains relatively little gadolinium, but enough to show a spectrum ), and in the separate mineral cerite.

Emerald ( green ), aquamarine ( blue ), red beryl ( red ), goshenite ( colorless ), heliodor ( yellow ), and morganite ( pink ) are all varieties of the mineral species beryl.

The history of Chinese inks can be traced back to the 18th century BC, with the utilization of natural plant ( plant dyes ), animal, and mineral inks based on such materials as graphite that were ground with water and applied with ink brushes.

The majority of non-silicate mineral species are extremely rare ( constituting in total 8 % of the Earth's crust ), although some are relative common, such as calcite, pyrite, magnetite, and hematite.

Other examples of sorosiicates include lawsonite, a metamorphic mineral forming in the blueschist facies ( subduction zone setting with low temperature and high pressure ), vesuvianite, which takes up a significant amount of calcium in its chemical structure.

The remaining Al < sup > 3 +</ sup > can be in six-fold coordination ( kyanite ), five-fold ( andalusite ) or four-fold ( sillimanite ); which mineral forms in a given environment is depend on pressure and temperature conditions.

Because obsidian is metastable at the Earth's surface ( over time the glass becomes fine-grained mineral crystals ), no obsidian has been found that is older than Cretaceous age.

In the 19th century, the term " petroleum " was frequently used to refer to mineral oils produced by distillation from mined organic solids such as cannel coal ( and later oil shale ), and refined oils produced from them ; in the United Kingdom, storage ( and later transport ) of these oils were regulated by a series of Petroleum Acts, from the Petroleum Act 1862 c. 66 onward.

In physical geography pedology is largely studied due to the numerous interactions between climate ( water, air, temperature ), soil life ( micro-organisms, plants, animals ), the mineral materials within soils ( biogeochemical cycles ) and its position and effects on the landscape such as laterization.

Nearly two decades later, in 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.

These two researchers developed several formulas for mineral nutrient solutions, known as Hoagland solution.

The base structure becomes either < sup >-</ sup > or < sup > 2 -</ sup > There are 22 mineral species of feldspars, subdivided into two major subgroups — alkali and plagioclase — and two less common groups — celsian and banalsite.

Inosilicates contain two important rock-forming mineral groups ; single-chain silicates are most commonly pyroxenes, while double-chain silicates are often amphiboles.

These two minerals species are members of eponymous mineral groups: the calcite group includes carbonates with the general formula XCO < sub > 3 </ sub >, and the dolomite group constitutes minerals with general formula XY ( CO < sub > 3 </ sub >)< sub > 2 </ sub >.

Hexagonal and tetragonal mineral substances have two indices, while orthorhombic, monoclinic, and triclinic substances have three indices of refraction.

Targets are divided into two general categories of materials: placer deposits, consisting of valuable minerals contained within river gravels, beach sands, and other unconsolidated materials ; and lode deposits, where valuable minerals are found in veins, in layers, or in mineral grains generally distributed throughout a mass of actual rock.

By the 1950s, rice exports had fallen by two thirds and mineral exports by over 96 %.

Rice exports fell by two thirds and mineral exports by over 96 %.

There were initially two known deposits of the mineral, but since it is an ore of iron, one of the deposits was extensively mined for its ferrous content.

* 1782 " An analysis of two mineral substance, vz.

Schistosity and gneissic banding ( the two main types of foliation ) are formed by directed pressure at elevated temperature, and to interstitial movement, or internal flow arranging the mineral particles while they are crystallizing in that directed pressure field.

This was thought to be a byproduct of the metamictization process, but the two scientists did not think the mineral important enough to give it a formal name.

In June 2010, Karzai travelled to Japan for a five day visit where the two nations discussed a new aid provided by the hosting nation and the untapped mineral resources recently announced.

Two hot mineral water concessions, the Teepee Pools and Star Plunge, and two hotels are located within the park.

Food web models and nutrient cycles have traditionally been treated separately, but there is a strong functional connection between the two in terms of stability, flux, sources, sinks, and recycling of mineral nutrients.

In 1908, Parks worked for the United States Land Office in Denver as a mineral examiner for two months before taking a similar position in Alaska.

In fact, the two are often grouped together as a semi-singular mineral series called columbite-tantalite or coltan in many mineral guides.

This is one of the Three Privileges granted to the Orthodox Church of Cyprus by Emperor Zeno ( the other two being to sign his name in cinnabar — i. e., ink coloured vermilion by the addition of the mineral cinnabar and to wear purple instead of black robes under his vestments ).

The composite nature of bone, comprising one third organic ( mainly protein collagen ) and two thirds mineral ( calcium phosphate mostly in the form of hydroxyapatite ) renders its diagenesis more complex.

This technique measures the ratio of two lead isotopes ( lead-206 and lead-207 ) to the amount of uranium in a mineral or rock.

Often applied to the trace mineral zircon in igneous rocks, this method is one of the two most commonly used ( along with argon-argon dating ) for geologic dating.

Even though this element is not abundant, it is found in over 100 mineral species.

In 2005, Clipperton's ecosystem was extensively studied for four months by a scientific mission organized by Jean-Louis Étienne, which made a complete inventory of mineral, plant, and animal species found on the atoll, studied algae as deep as 100 m ( 330 ft ) below sea level, and examined the effects of pollution on the island.

Laws regarding resource conservation and management generally focus on a single resource, e. g., natural resources such as forests, mineral deposits or animal species, or more intangible resources such as especially scenic areas or sites of high archeological value, and provide guidelines for and limitations on the conservation, disturbance and use of those resources.

Studies over several years covering the key mineral area of the Central Pacific resulted in a technical study on biodiversity, species ranges and gene flow in the abyssal Pacific nodule province, with emphasis on predicting and managing the impacts of deep seabed mining A workshop at Manoa, Hawaii, in October 2007 produced a rationale and recommendations for the establishment of " preservation reference areas " in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, where nodule mining would be prohibited in order to leave the natural environment intact.

The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure.

There are over 4, 900 known mineral species ; over 4, 660 of these have been approved by the International Mineralogical Association ( IMA ).

The diversity and abundance of mineral species is controlled by the Earth's chemistry.

Many mineral groups and species are composed of a solid solution ; pure substances are not usually found because of contamination or chemical substitution.

The requirement of a valid mineral species to be abiogenic has also been described as similar to have to be inorganic ; however, this criterion is imprecise and organic compounds have been assigned a separate classification branch.

According to these new rules, " mineral species can be grouped in a number of different ways, on the basis of chemistry, crystal structure, occurrence, association, genetic history, or resource, for example, depending on the purpose to be served by the classification.

Forming 12 % of the Earth's crust, quartz ( SiO < sub > 2 </ sub >) is the most abundant mineral species.

Muscovite, a mineral species in the mica group, within the phyllosilicate sublcass

Chrysotile, a species of serpentine, is the most common mineral species in industrial asbestos, as it is less dangerous in terms of health than the amphibole asbestos.

The pyroxene group consists of 21 mineral species.

Several amphibole mineral species can have an asbestiform crystal habit.

Epidotes are built around the structure < sup > 10 -</ sup > structure ; for example, the mineral species epidote has calcium, aluminium, and ferric iron to charge balance: Ca < sub > 2 </ sub > Al < sub > 2 </ sub >( Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup >, Al )( SiO < sub > 4 </ sub >)( Si < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 7 </ sub >) O ( OH ).

Other mineral species having this structure exist, such as tephroite, Mn < sub > 2 </ sub > SiO < sub > 4 </ sub >.

As of 2004 there are over 4, 000 species of mineral recognized by the IMA.

Nitrites are produced by a number of species of nitrifying bacteria, and the nitrate compounds for gunpowder ( see this topic for more ) were historically produced, in the absence of mineral nitrate sources, by means of various fermentation processes using urine and dung.

This allowed him to conclude "... it is probable indeed, that the scotch mineral is a new species of earth which has not hitherto been sufficiently examined.