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Musavat leaders were largely well-educated professionals from the upper class echelons of Azerbaijani Turkish society ; its mass membership, most recruited between 1917 and 1919, comprised the poorly-educated Muslims underclass of Baku.
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Musavat and were
But on the afternoon of March 31, when Muslim representatives appeared before the Baku Soviet leadership to take the arms, shots were already heard in the city and the Soviet commissar Prokofy Dzhaparidze refused to provide arms and informed the Hümmet leadership that " Musavat had launched a political war ".
The Baku Committee of Muslim Social Organizations, as well as the Musavat, were quite radical during the early days of the February Revolution: they wanted a democratic republic, which would guarantee the rights of Muslims.
The ships of the flotilla were captured by the counterrevolutionary Centrocaspian government in August 1918 and later regained by the Soviets after the overthrow of the Musavat government.
Musavat and Azerbaijani
" Until a certain time the Baku Committee of Muslim Social Organizations and the Musavat party successfully fulfilled the mission not only of representing the general national interests but also of guiding the Azerbaijani workers ' democracy ".
Musavat and its
The statement found an anti-Soviet character of the rebellion and blamed Musavat and its leadership for the events.
Soviet's statement asserted that there was a carefully laid out plot by Musavat to overthrow the Baku Soviet and to establish its own regime:
In its early years before the first world war, Musavat was a relatively small, secret underground organization, much like its counterparts throughout the Middle East, working for the prosperity and political unity of the Muslim and Turkic-speaking world.
Although Musavat espoused pan-Islamic ideology and its founder was sympathetic to the pan-Turkic movement, the party supported the tsarist regime during the First World War.
In October 1917 Musavat convoked in its first congress where it adopted new covenant, with 76 articles.
Musavat and 1917
It was formed in September 1917 in opposition to the secular Musavat Party and proposed political unity of all the Muslims of the Russian Empire ( ittihad in Arabic means " union ").
Flag of the Musavat Party of Turkic Federalists ( 1917 )
On June 17, 1917, Musavat merged with the Party of Turkic Federalists, another national-democratic right-wing organization founded by Nasibbey Usubbekov and Hasan bey Agayev, taking on a new name of Musavat Party of Turkic Federalists.
Musavat and Muslims
This was a potent and tenacious charge, targeting the Muslims as deviant and disloyal minority within the empire, manipulated by the " traitorous Musavat ".
Thus, Musavat became the main political force of Caucasian Muslims.
Musavat and Baku
Musavat was founded in 1911 in Baku as a secret organization by Mammed Amin Rasulzade, Mammed Ali Rasulzade ( cousin of Mammed Amin Rasulzade ), Abbasgulu Kazimzade and Taghi Nagioglu.
Musavat and .
In December 1918, with the support of Azerbaijan's Musavat Party, Jafargulu Khan Nakhchivanski declared the Republic of Aras in the Nakhchivan uyezd of the former Erivan Governorate assigned to Armenia by Wardrop.
The Ittihadists ' vehement opposition to Musavat, which formed the minority government in Azerbaijan in 1918 – 1920, led to their collaboration with the White Russians under Anton Denikin.
Its history can be divided into three periods: Early ( old ) Musavat, Musavat-in-exile and New Musavat.
Its initial name was a Muslim Democratic Musavat Party.
Early Musavat members also included future Communist leader of Azerbaijan SSR Nariman Narimanov.
During this time, the Musavat party supported some pan-Islamist and pan-Turkist ideas.
Russia's social democrats received the foundation of Musavat in what they considered " imperial, orientalist terms, governed by the long-standing ideological categories of Muslim backwardness, treachery and religious fanaticism ", as a betrayal of historic proportions.
Only after February Revolution, when Musavat ceased to be a secret organization and became a legal political party, newspaper officially became party's organ.
The Soviet historian, A. L. Popov, writes that the Musavat cannot be a priori classified as a reactionary party of Khans and Beks, because in the early revolutionary period the Musavat stood on the positions of democracy and even socialism.
leaders and were
But although in many of these discussions Othon and Amadee might have been tempted to consider their own interests as well as those of the king, Edward's confidence in them was so absolute that they were made the acknowledged leaders of the embassy.
He and other Soviet leaders responsible for the document were proud of having brought forward some new formulas, such as the early replacement of the dictatorship of the proletariat by an `` All People's State '', and also of having laid down the lines for a much greater `` democratization '' of the whole hierarchy of Soviets, starting with the Supreme Soviet itself.
There were no `` casualties '', but the `` guerrillas '' admitted to being `` a little tired '' when the leaders called a halt at 9 A.M. to enable out-of-town members to catch a plane.
However, the positions of all parties and leaders were constantly shifting.
It was an era of constitution writing — most states were busy at the task — and leaders felt the new nation must have a written constitution, even though other nations did not.
* Another group is the School of the Military that studied strategy and the philosophy of war ; Sunzi and Sun Bin were influential leaders.
For example, paintings glorified aristocracy in the early 17th century when leadership was needed to nationalize small political groupings, but later as leadership became oppressive, satirization increased and subjects were less concerned with leaders and more with more common plights of mankind.
The two men were leaders of Alcott House, an experimental school based on Alcott's methods from the Temple School located about ten miles outside of London.
Since Johnson's proclamations allowed the Southern states to control the procedure and conduct of their elections in 1865, prominent former Confederate leaders were elected to the U. S. Congress ( but not seated ).
By leaving large sums of money to their children, wealthy business leaders were wasting resources that could be used to benefit society.
In this context, Clement explicitly states that the apostles appointed bishops as successors and directed that these bishops should in turn appoint their own successors ; given this, such leaders of the Church were not to be removed without cause and not in this way.
Anti-globalization militants worried for a proper functioning of democratic institutions as the leaders of many democratic countries ( Spain, Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom ) were acting against the wishes of the majorities of their populations in supporting the war.
The government claimed that this was a communist document, and consequently leaders of the ANC and Congress were arrested.
Some ANC members were upset by the actions of the MK, and refused to accept violence as necessary for the ending of Apartheid, but these individuals became a minority as the militant leaders such as Nelson Mandela gained significant popularity.
Abbahu left behind him a number of disciples, the most prominent among whom were the leaders of the 4th amoraic generation, R. Jonah and R. Jose.
The heads of the main Abbasid leaders were cut off.
Accepting his supposed hospitality, at a traditional time for settling differences, the influential Welsh leaders of the surrounding areas nearly all arrived, proffered their swords as tokens of peaceful intent to servants and, unarmed, were ushered further into the castle where de Braose's armed soldiers hacked them down in cold blood.
Notable examples of bodyguards include the Roman Praetorian Guard or the Ottoman Janissaries — though, in both cases, the protectors sometimes became assassins themselves, exploiting their power to make the head of state a virtual hostage or killing the very leaders they were supposed to protect.
The efforts of the Sadozai heirs of Timur to impose a true monarchy on the truculent Pashtun tribes, and their efforts to rule absolutely and without the advice of the other major Pashtun tribal leaders, were ultimately unsuccessful.
Mild measures were agreed on for those heretic bishops who repented, but severe penance was decreed for the chief leaders of the major heresies.
At the time, there were media reports about the discovery of two bombs, one at Manila airport and another at the venue for the leaders ' meeting ".
Both of these men were statesmen and public administrators in addition to their role as Christian pastors, teachers and leaders.
The Muslims and Christians were organized into separate communities, each having its own leader ; five leaders represented the village in the mid-16th century, three of whom were Muslims.
Business leaders were more concerned about access to Logan Airport, and pushed instead for a third harbor tunnel.
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