Chiang also ordered Ma Bufang to put his Muslim soldiers on alert for an invasion of Tibet in 1942.

He also financed armed groups in mainland China, such as Muslim soldiers of the ROC Army left in Yunnan under Li Mi, to continue to fight.

The cartridges had to be bit open, so this upset the Hindu and Muslim soldiers.

* 1099 – First Crusade: 15, 000 starving Christian soldiers march in a religious procession around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders look on.

Mercenaries could be fellow European crusaders, or, perhaps more often, Muslim soldiers, including the famous Turcopoles.

Riding to battle had two key advantages: it reduced fatigue, particularly when the elite soldiers wore armour ( as was increasingly the case in the centuries after the fall of the Western Roman empire ); and it gave the soldiers more mobility to react to the raids of the enemy, particularly the Muslim invasions which reached Europe in 711.

In the late 1990s, the government took action against Sunni Muslim extremists in the north who had attacked its soldiers, and it continues to move against groups such as Asbat al-Ansar, which has been accused of being partnered with Osama bin Laden's al-Qaida network.

In 711, Muslim Moors, mainly North African Berber soldiers with some Arabs, crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and began their conquest of the Christian Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania.

Most were made up of Muslim soldiers and stationed in the north, but the Equatoria Corps in the south was composed of Christians.

UAE troops have been welcomed by the country as allied Muslim soldiers and the Emirati soldiers compliment the Afghan hospitality they encounter.

For several centuries, Mossi peasants were both farmers and soldiers ; as the Mossi Kingdoms successfully defended their territory, indigenous religious beliefs, and social structure against forcible attempts to conquer or convert them to Islam by Muslim peoples from the northwest.

The Mozarabic Chronicle of 754, a Latin contemporary source which describes the battle in greater detail than any other Latin or Arabic source, states that " the people of Austrasia Frankish forces, greater in number of soldiers and formidably armed, killed the king, Abd ar-Rahman ", which agrees with many Arab and Muslim historians.

After setting up and ambush and attacking their lightly armoured Humvee vehicles with small arms fire and RPG ’ s the patrol stopped and Macedonian forces and guerrillas exchanged fire in a short skirmish, after soldiers started retreating half of the patrol managed to escape one soldier was shot and 7 others captured and allegedly executed with knives and then their corpses were allegedly burned. News of the massacre sparked local uprisings against Muslim Albanians in several towns and cities across Macedonia, and such revolts included burning and vandalising shops and Mosques.

The British officer John Masters recorded in his autobiography that Pathan women in the North-West Frontier Province of British India during the Anglo-Afghan Wars would castrate non Muslim soldiers who were captured, like British and Sikhs.

Thousands of relatives of conscripts and reserve soldiers suffered loss and pain ; revelations of torture and the indiscriminate brutality the army visited on the Muslim population prompted widespread revulsion, and a significant constituency supported the principle of national liberation.

This historic bridge was built by Emperor Fasilides of Ethiopia in approximately 1660 with Roman bridge technology brought to Ethiopia by Portuguese soldiers during the battle with the Muslim invaders in 1507.

Goiti's soldiers camped there for a few weeks, while forming an alliance with the Muslim tribal chief, Rajah Sulaiman III.

Soldiers had to bite the cartridges with their teeth before loading them into their rifles, and the reported presence of cow and pig fat was religiously offensive to both Hindu and Muslim soldiers.

Captured soldiers of Turkestani and / or Muslim backgrounds were drafted in large numbers into the Ostlegionen of the Wehrmacht, but aside from several air attacks on some industrial and military targets in the western parts of the region German forces never even approached the area, having been stopped at the Battle of Stalingrad.

Specifically, it was recognised that Muslim women in Foča ( southeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina ) were subjected to systematic and widespread gang rape, torture and sexual enslavement by Bosnian Serb soldiers, policemen, and members of paramilitary groups after the takeover of the city in April 1992.

Hindu and Muslim rulers executed tax evaders, rebels and enemy soldiers alike " under the feet of elephants ".

Heavy leather sandals as well as Roman-type sandal boots were also typical of the early Muslim soldiers.

In France they became aware of a standard of living higher than any they had known at home and of democratic political concepts, taken for granted by Frenchmen in France, which colons, soldiers, and bureaucrats had refused to apply to the Muslim majority in Algeria.

Innovations introduced by Muslim economists, traders and merchants include the earliest uses of credit, cheques, promissory notes, savings accounts, transactional accounts, loaning, trusts, exchange rates, the transfer of credit and debt, and banking institutions for loans and deposits.

Additionally, Muslim trading communities had flourished throughout coastal south India, particularly on the western coast, where Muslim traders arrived in small numbers, mainly from the Arabian peninsula.

Thus, until the 15th century, only minor trade and cultural exchanges between Europe and Asia continued at certain terminals controlled by Muslim traders.

Muslim traders had little incentive to go beyond the coast into the interior of Africa.

The Soninké kings never fully adopted Islam, but the empire had good relations with Muslim traders.

Trade also increased during this period, as Sri Lanka began to trade Cinammon and a large number of Muslim traders were bought into the island.

* Muslim traders settle in the northwest and southeast of Madagascar.

Brunei benefited from the scattering of Muslim merchants and traders who were forced to use other ports.

As the Muslim traders, mostly Swahili, were displaced from their coastal centers and routes to the interior by the Portuguese, migrations of Bantu peoples continued and tribal federations formed and reformed as the relative power of local chiefs changed.

With the rise of Islam, the trade became dominated by Muslim traders, one ancient Arabic source appears to know the location of the islands, describing them as fifteen days ' sail East from the ' island of Jaba ' - presumably Java — but direct evidence of Islam in the archipelago occurs only in the late 14th century, as China's interest in regional maritime dominance waned.

With Muslim traders came not just Islam, but a new technique of social organisation, the sultanate, which replaced local councils of rich men ( orang kaya ) on the more important islands, and proved more effective in dealing with outsiders.

From the 7th century it spread rapidly from the Arabian Peninsula to the rest of the world through the initial Muslim conquests, and subsequently with traders and explorers after the death of the Prophet Muhammad.

There is evidence of Arab Muslim traders entering Indonesia as early as the 8th century.

The spread, although at first introduced through Arab Muslim traders, continued to saturate through the Indonesian people as local rulers and royalty began to adopt the religion, subsequently their subjects would mirror their conversion.

The " Islamization " process continued as Muslim traders married the local women, with some of the wealthier traders marrying into the families of the ruling elite.

The northeastern sector of the country was also influenced by an influx of Hausa Muslim traders from the 16th Century onwards

About the time Majapahit was founded, Muslim traders and proselytizers began entering the area.

Much of central Asia and southern Russia was won over to Islam through the missionary work of the ṭarīqahs, and the majority of Indonesia's population, where a Muslim army never set foot, was converted to Islam by the perseverance of both Muslim traders and Sufi missionaries.

The Sahara was traversed by mostly Muslim traders, natives and pilgrims, of which the best known is Ibn Battuta.

Although well-known to the Tuareg and Muslim traders who caravaned across the Sahara, Friedrich Gerhard Rohlfs was the first European to document the Great Sand Sea.

Most traffic between Al-Andalus and Christian regions remained in the hands of Jewish and Muslim traders until the dramatic shifts initiated by European commercial expansion throughout the 11th and 12th centuries.

Two years after the CMS established a mission, French Catholic White Fathers also arrived at the king's court, and the stage was set for a fierce religious and nationalist rivalry in which Zanzibar-based Muslim traders also participated.