As for the foremost one in the matter of Islam and faith, it was Ali ibn Abi Talib '" Other Sunnis and all Shi ' a Muslims maintain that the second person to publicly accept Muhammed as the messenger of God was Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first being Muhammad's wife Khadija.

In 1198 he was able to procure a five years ' truce with the Muslims, owing to the struggle between Saladin's brothers and his sons for the inheritance of his territories.

He noted that the preservation of antiquities presented a number of benefits for Muslims:

On the internal front the discontented Muladi families ( Muslims of Iberian origin ) represented a constant danger for the Córdoban emir.

A controversial figure, Thackeray has attracted significant attention by making statements expressing admiration for Hitler as an artist and demagogue, while condemning the Holocaust, inciting violence against Muslims, expressing support for the LTTE, and taking strong stances on the aspects of popular culture, including fervent opposition to the celebration of Valentine's Day.

In 1939 Muslim leaders Isa Yusuf Alptekin and Ma Fuliang were sent by Chiang to several Middle eastern countries, including Egypt, Turkey, and Syria, to gain support for the Chinese War against Japan, and to express his support for Muslims.

Umm-ul-Momineen ( Mother of Muslims ) Rehana was a prisoner of war that Muhammad kept for himself as a concubine after the battle against tribe of Bani Qariza ( Ghazwa-e-Bani Qariza ).

Muhammad kept Umm-ul-Momineen ( Mother of Muslims ) Maria Qibtia for himself as concubine.

Muhammad promoted concubines Maria Qibtia and Rehana as Umm-ul-Momineen ( Mother of all Muslims ) awarding them same splendid household, rights, privileges, protocol and status as he had ensured for all other wives who belonged to reputed race, tribes and / or families.

Religious, historical and socio-cultural factors have helped define the bounds of endogamy for Muslims in some parts of Pakistan.

** Optionally: abbreviation of soldiers ' religion ( KAT for Roman Catholics, GR-KAT for Greek Catholics, PRAW for Orthodox, MOJ for Jewish, AUG for Lutherans, ANG for Anglicans and MAH for Muslims )

In 1305, after the issuing of a fatwa by the scholar Ibn Taymiyyah calling for jihad against all non-Sunni Muslims like the Druze, Alawites, Ismaili, and twelver Shiites, al-Malik al-Nasir inflicted a disastrous defeat on the Druze at Keserwan and forced outward compliance on their part to orthodox Sunni Islam.

The British, faced with a deadline for leaving, held elections on March 16, 1952, for a representative Assembly of 68 members, evenly divided between Christians and Muslims.

As many as 12 million people Muslims leaving India for Pakistan, and Hindus and Sikhs opting to move to India from the new state of Pakistan which had been involved in the mass transfer of population between the two countries, and perhaps two million refugees had died in the violence that had accompanied the migrations in the borders of West Pakistan.

Many Bengali Hindus left for Calcutta after partition, and their place, particularly in commerce, was taken mostly by Muslims who had migrated from the Indian state of Bihar or by West Pakistanis from different provinces.

Zakat or alms-giving is the practice of charitable giving by Muslims based on accumulated wealth, and is obligatory for all who are able to do so.

Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism.

* EID-UL-ADHA Award, The Association of Progressive Muslims of Ontario, 2001

Progressive Muslims have produced a considerable body of liberal thought within Islam or " progressive Islam " (, al-Islam at-Taqaddumī ); but some consider progressive Islam and liberal Islam as two distinct movements ).

* Progressive British Muslims

* Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism edited by Omid Safi.

The Progressive Muslim Union ( PMU ) is the result of almost two years of conversation and collaboration between a group of North American Muslims who are committed to representing and renewing our community in all its social, ideological and political diversity.

Two of the original eighteen leaders of PMU, Ani Zonneveld and Pamela Taylor, created a new organization, Muslims for Progressive Values ( MPV ) in May 2007.

* Progressive British Muslims

* Muslims for Progressive Values

* ProgressiveIslam. Org an on-line Muslim commons now affiliated with Muslims for Progressive Values.

co-founder Ahmed Nassaf announced the founding of the Progressive Muslim Union ( North America ) in November 2004, progressive Muslims who had refused to serve on the PMUNA board of directors published a statement describing their concerns " that this venture is a Trojan horse for ' religion-building ' along the lines of ' nation-building ' now being witnessed in Afghanistan and Iraq where people with no organic links to Islam, to the Muslim community or to the progressive movement become instruments of ' humanizing ' the so-called primitive Muslims.

Some of her speaking engagements have included the keynote address " Islam, Justice, and Gender " at the 2008 international conference Understanding Conflicts: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, held at Aarhus University, Denmark ; a paper titled “ Islam Beyond Patriarchy Through Gender Inclusive Qur ’ anic Analysis ” at the 2009 Musawah-Equality and Justice in the Family conference ; the Regional Conference on Advancing Gender Equality and Women ’ s Empowerment in Muslim Societies, hosted by United Nations Development Fund for Women ( UNIFEM ) and the International Centre for Islam and Pluralism ( ICIP ) in Jakarta, Indonesia, in March 2009 ; a workshop on " Sharia and Human Rights " at the University of Bergen, Norway in late November 2009 ; a public lecture titled " Muslim Women and Gender Justice: Methods, Motivation and Means " to the Faculty of Arts, Asia Institute, at the University of Melbourne, Australia in February 2010 ; a lecture on “ Tawhid and Spiritual Development for Social Action ” at Muslims for Progressive Values at the Pacific School of Religion in Berkeley, California in July 2011.

The MCC is associated with the US based Muslims for Progressive Values and Democratic Muslims in Denmark.

In a 2002 interview with the Globe and Mail, Karīm al-Hussainī the 49th Aga Khan of the Ismaili Muslims described Canada as " the most successful pluralist society on the face of our globe ", citing it as " a model for the world ".

In 1996, CAIR began " CAIR-NET ", a read-only e-mail listserve aimed to help American Muslims identify and combat anti-Muslim prejudice in the U. S. and Canada.

According to Canada's 2001 census, there were 579, 740 Muslims in Canada, just under 2 % of the population.

* Muslims Students ' Associations of the US & Canada

After speaking with several people who attended a Winnipeg conference on terrorism hosted by B ' nai Brith Canada in October 2003, she wrote that the event was biased against Muslims and would encourage the response teams in attendance to engage in racial profiling.

Specifically, Elmasry stated that Fatah is " well known in Canada for smearing Islam and bashing Muslims.

Such views have forced many Muslims to flee their countries of birth and take refuge in tolerant Western nations such as Canada.

To now find ourselves harassed in Canada by some Muslims here is alarming and ironic.

Elmasry says he and the CIC support " smart integration where Muslims can practise their religion but can also be involved in advancing the well-being of their home country, which is Canada.

Regarding the opposition of moderate Muslims to the introduction of Sharia tribunals in Canada, Elmasry wrote that Canadian Muslims should not " make a cause of publicly deriding their religion, badmouthing the Prophet, ridiculing the Qur ' an and mounting uninformed crusades to smear their Islamic Law, the Shariah.

Mawlid is celebrated in most Muslim countries, and in other countries where Muslims have a presence, such as India, Britain, Russia and Canada.

The riding has the highest proportion of Muslims in Canada.

In more recent years this pattern has changed, and large numbers of Lebanese Muslims and Druze have come to Canada.

The MCC stated that " the OHRC has become the virtual organ of Canada ’ s Islamist organizations and that it has taken sides in the bitter struggle within Canada ’ s Muslim community where sharia-supporting Islamists are pitted against liberal and secular Muslims " and that " the OHRC decision had the finger prints of its pro-Islamist commissioners who have close association with the Canadian Islamic Congress.