In many ways, the events from 1922 to 1943 demonstrated that the monarchy and the moneyed class, for different reasons, felt Mussolini and his regime offered an option that, after years of political chaos, was more appealing than what they perceived as the alternative: socialism and anarchism.

In 1920, Benito Mussolini declared: " Fascists do not belong to the crowd of the vain and skeptical who undervalue women's social and political importance.

In 1933, with Benito Mussolini firmly in control of Italy, " Moscow insisted that the Italian communist leader P. Togliatti withdraw the suggestion that, perhaps, social-democracy was not the primary danger, at least in Italy.

Afterwards, although continuing to be trained in parachute delivery, paratroopers were only used in a parachute role for smaller-scale operations, such as the successful rescue of Benito Mussolini, the then-deposed dictator of Italy in 1943.

His cousin, Ernesto Pacelli, was a key financial advisor to Pope Leo XIII ; his father, Filippo Pacelli, a Franciscan tertiary, was the dean of the Sacra Rota Romana ; and his brother, Francesco Pacelli, became a lay canon lawyer and the legal advisor to Pius XI, in which role he negotiated the Lateran Treaty in 1929, the pact with Benito Mussolini, bringing an end to the Roman Question.

Due to the role the Carabinieri had played in the downfall of Mussolini, and since one of the few units which fought the German occupation of Rome were the Granatieri di Sardegna regiments and the II Carabinieri cadet battalion, the Germans did not view the Carabinieri as loyal to the fascist cause and ordered the disbanding of all Carabinieri units in Axis-controlled territory on October 7, 1943.

As the Allies and the Resistance gradually chased the Nazis and Fascists off the peninsula, it became apparent that Victor Emmanuel was too tainted by his earlier support of Mussolini to have any postwar role.

However, his role was merely formal, the de facto command belonging to Benito Mussolini.

In this role he could remain in Rome, to be watched closely by Mussolini.

The plan was put off at the last minute, most probably because of the pressure by the British intelligence, which opposed such an action in times when Mussolini was conducing an active role in the negotiations that led to the Munich agreement.

Before long however the British Fascists began to advocate a more authoritarian government in which the monarch would take a leading role in government as well as advocating the establishment of a Benito Mussolini style corporate state, policy changes made possible by the departure of Blakeney, who was committed to representative democracy and whose main economic opinion was opposition to the gold standard.

During his time as national secretary, he confirmed the MSI ’ s role as the inheritors of Benito Mussolini ’ s Fascist legacy with a number of famous polemical statements, including: " Dear comrades, MSI claims its right to refer to fascism " ( 1988 ), " We are fascists, the heirs of fascism, the fascism of the year 2000 " ( 1991 ), " After almost half a century, the idea of fascism is alive " ( 1992 ), " There are phases where freedom is not among the key values " ( 1994 ), " Mussolini was the greatest Italian statesman of the twentieth century ", " Fascism has a tradition of honesty, correctness and good government " ( 1994 ).

This role was a broad parody of the fascist dictator of Italy, Benito Mussolini.

Mussolini, who had been a member of the National Alliance ( AN ) since its foundation, suddenly left that party on 28 November 2003, following the visit of party leader and the Deputy Prime Minister Gianfranco Fini to Israel, where he described fascism as " the absolute evil " as he apologised for Italy's role as an Axis Power during the Second World War.

Francisco José II is Emperor of Mexico in the 1940s, and as such, analogous to the role of minor Axis allies in our timeline, particularly Benito Mussolini of Italy, and, in the case of the Battle of Pittsburgh ( analog to our timeline's Battle of Stalingrad ), Ion Antonescu of Romania.

Later on, Fascist Italy could also be considered as a " constitutional monarchy " of a kind, in the sense that there was a king as the titular head of state while actual power was held by Benito Mussolini under a constitution.

Benito Mussolini promoted ambiguity about fascism's positions in order to rally as many people to it as possible, saying fascists can be " aristocrats or democrats, revolutionaries and reactionaries, proletarians and anti-proletarians, pacifists and anti-pacifists.

" Mussolini claimed that Italian Fascism's economic system of corporatism could be identified as state capitalism which he claimed was state socialism " turned on its head ", which in either case involved " the bureaucratisation of the economic activities of the nation.

Mussolini called for irredentist Italian claims to be reclaimed, establishing Italian domination of the Mediterranean Sea and securing Italian access to the Atlantic Ocean, and the creation of Italian spazio vitale (" vital space ") in the Mediterranean and Red Sea regions.

Mussolini was aware that Italy did not have the military capacity to carry out a long war with France or the United Kingdom and waited until France was on the verge of imminent collapse and surrender from German invasion before declaring war on France and the United Kingdom on 10 June 1940, on the assumption that the war would be short-lived following France's collapse.

" Mussolini claimed that dynamic or heroic capitalism and the bourgeoisie could be prevented from degenerating into static capitalism and then supercapitalism if the concept of economic individualism were abandoned and if state supervision of the economy was introduced.

Mussolini wrote approvingly of the notion that profits should not be taken away from those who produced them by their own labour, saying " I do not respect — I even hate — those men that leech a tenth of the riches produced by others ".

Ribbentrop's efforts were crowned with success with the signing of the Pact of Steel in May 1939, though this was accomplished only by falsely assuring Mussolini that there would be no war for the next three years.

There he repeated in a different form all that he had already said, for all the world as if he had a gramophone fixed in his brain ... When I took leave, he subjected me to an interminable handshake, meanwhile fixing his cold blue eyes on mine, and repeating almost word for word what he said to me on arrival ... I felt I should never be able to establish any human contact with this man " In early June 1940, when Mussolini informed Hitler that he at long last would enter the war on 10 June 1940, Hitler was most dismissive, in private calling Mussolini a cowardly opportunist who broke the terms of the Pact of Steel in September 1939 when the going looked rough, and was only entering the war in June 1940 after it was clear that France was beaten and it appeared that Britain would soon make peace.

The Abyssinian crisis showed how the League could be influenced by the self-interest of its members ; one of the reasons why the sanctions were not very harsh was that both Britain and France feared the prospect of driving Mussolini and German dictator Adolf Hitler into an alliance.

Demanding to meet Mussolini with the intention to ask that its neutrality be respected, the following day Mazzolini took them to see Mussolini, who promised to contact the German authorities and intervene in favour of San Marino's request.

< imagemap > File: 1920s decade montage. png | From left, clockwise: Third Tipperary Brigade Flying Column No. 2 under Sean Hogan during the Irish Civil War ; Prohibition agents destroying barrels of alcohol in accordance to the 18th amendment, which made alcoholic beverages illegal throughout the entire decade ; In 1927, Charles Lindbergh embarks on the first nonstop flight from New York to Paris on the Spirit of St. Louis ; A crowd gathering on Wall Street after the 1929 stock market crash, which led to the Great Depression ; Benito Mussolini and Fascist Blackshirts during the March on Rome in 1922 ; the People's Liberation Army attacking government defensive positions in Shandong, during the Chinese Civil War ; The Women's suffrage campaign leads to numerous countries granting women the right to vote and be elected ; Babe Ruth becomes the iconic baseball player of the time .| 420px | thumb

The legacy of Mussolini can be seen in the imposing architecture along the seafront.

Polish actress Pola Negri, claiming to be Valentino's fiancée, collapsed in hysterics while standing over the coffin, and Campbell's hired four actors to impersonate a Fascist Blackshirt honor guard, which claimed to have been sent by Benito Mussolini.

* Italy, Benito Mussolini claimed to be an autarky, especially after the 1935 invasion of Abyssinia and subsequent trade embargoes.

Argentina ( 1946 – 1955 and 1973 – 1974 )-Juan Perón admired Mussolini and established his own regime ( while considered by some to be neo-fascist ) inspired by elements of corporatism, although it has been more often considered populism.

King Victor Emmanuel III was too compromised by recent history, particularly his acquiescence to Mussolini ’ s demand that the government be handed over to the Fascists.

Benito Mussolini, soon to be Italy's Fascist dictator, took advantage of this instability for his rise to power.

By 1928, practically the only check on Mussolini's power was the King's right to dismiss him from office — though that right could only be exercised on the advice of the Fascist Grand Council, a body that could only be convened by Mussolini.

Though the King claimed in his memoirs that it was the fear of a civil war that motivated his actions, it would seem that he received some ' alternative ' advice, possibly from the archconservative Salandra as well as General Armando Diaz, that it would be better to do a deal with Mussolini.

* 1945 – World War II: Benito Mussolini is arrested by Italian partisans in Dongo, while attempting escape disguised as a German soldier.

Adolf Hitler and Mussolini continued to aid General Francisco Franco ’ s Nationalists, while the Soviet Union helped the Spanish Republic.

" Five years after the publication of Hitler's Pope, Cornwell stated: " I would now argue, in the light of the debates and evidence following Hitler's Pope, that Pius XII had so little scope of action that it is impossible to judge the motives for his silence during the war, while Rome was under the heel of Mussolini and later occupied by Germany ".

The persecution of the Jews ended in Southern Italy ( controlled by the Kingdom of Italy ) after the armistice with the Allies ( 8 September 1943 ), while in Central and Northern Italy ( controlled by the Italian Social Republic, a puppet state of Nazi Germany led by Mussolini ) the persecution continued until the definitive fall of Mussolini's regime ( 25 April 1945 ).

Mussolini was taken under the wing of her aunt Sophia Loren for a while and started a career as an actress in the Italian language film industry during the 1970s.

On 28 April, Mussolini and a group of fascist Italians were captured by Italian partisans while attempting to flee Italy.

In Greece, while the government of the Kingdom of Italy surrendered and many Italian soldiers in the Aegean were tired of the war and had become opposed to Mussolini, Italian Fascist loyalists remained allied to Germany in the Greek campaign.

On 27 April, Mussolini, his mistress ( Clara Petacci ), several RSI ministers, and several other Italian Fascists were caught while attempting to flee.

In Europe, fascist movements received significant funding, particularly from industrialists in heavy industry, and came to power in Italy in 1922 under Benito Mussolini, and later in Germany in 1933, in Spain ( 1937 ) and Portugal, while strong fascist movements also developed in Hungary and Romania.

Run by the Abbé Norbert Wallez, the paper described itself as a " Catholic Newspaper for Doctrine and Information " and disseminated a far right and fascist viewpoint: Wallez himself was a great admirer of Italian fascist leader Benito Mussolini and kept a picture of him on his desktop, while Léon Degrelle, who would later become the leader of the fascist Rexists, worked as a foreign correspondent for the paper.

Mussolini was asked to form his cabinet on 29 October 1922, while some 25, 000 Blackshirts were parading in Rome.

" The British press heaped scorn on this " new Caporetto "— alluding to a decisive Italian defeat in the First World War — while former British prime minister David Lloyd George wrote mockingly of the " Italian skedaddle ," infuriating Mussolini.

The hard line was provided by Mussolini, while Britain ' kept the door open ' with Germany in order to obtain agreements.

The story, set in Fascist Italy before the outbreak of World War II, centers on Giannini's character, an anarchist who stays in a brothel while preparing to kill Benito Mussolini.

Giannini's character, while preparing to assassinate Mussolini, falls in love with one of the whores working in the brothel.

This film explores the depths of his emotions concerning love, his hate for fascism, and his fears of being killed while assassinating Mussolini.

Hitler was also against Gömbös ’ s plans to expand the size and power of the Hungarian military, while Mussolini supported the idea.

Within a year, however, Léon Blum's government collapsed over economic policy, opposition from the bourgeoisie ( the famous " 200 hundreds families ") and also over the issue of the Spanish Civil War ( Blum decided that he couldn't afford to support the Spanish Republicans, which led to huge defections among the French left-wing, while Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini unashamedly armed and supported Francisco Franco's troops ).

On January 14, 1944 Benito Mussolini arrested Borghese while receiving him in Garniano, in order to gain direct control of the Xª MAS.

Ernie Pyle relates :" On these little farms of the Pontine marshes Mussolini built hundreds of ... stone farmhouses ... Now and then I saw a farmer plowing while German shells landed right in his field.

In 2004, the author stated that Pius XII " had so little scope of action that it is impossible to judge the motives for his silence during the war, while Rome was under the heel of Mussolini and later occupied by Germany.