Mutualism is an anarchist school of thought which can be traced to the writings of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who envisioned a society where each person might possess a means of production, either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the free market.

Mutualism is based on a labor theory of value which holds that when labour or its product is sold, in exchange, it ought to receive goods or services embodying " the amount of labor necessary to produce an article of exactly similar and equal utility ".

Stephen Pearl AndrewsFor American anarchist historian Eunice Minette Schuster " It is apparent ... that Proudhonian Anarchism was to be found in the United States at least as early as 1848 and that it was not conscious of its affinity to the Individualist Anarchism of Josiah Warren and Stephen Pearl Andrews ... William B. Greene presented this Proudhonian Mutualism in its purest and most systematic form .".

For American anarchist historian Eunice Minette Schuster " It is apparent ... that Proudhonian Anarchism was to be found in the United States at least as early as 1848 and that it was not conscious of its affinity to the Individualist Anarchism of Josiah Warren and Stephen Pearl Andrews ... William B. Greene presented this Proudhonian Mutualism in its purest and most systematic form .".

Mutualism is an anarchist school of thought which can be traced to the writings of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who envisioned a society where each person might possess a means of production, either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the free market.

Mutualism is based on a labor theory of value which holds that when labor or its product is sold, in exchange, it ought to receive goods or services embodying " the amount of labor necessary to produce an article of exactly similar and equal utility ".

Mutualism is a political and economic theory largely associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon.

For American anarchist historian Eunice Minette Schuster " It is apparent ... that Proudhonian Anarchism was to be found in the United States at least as early as 1848 and that it was not conscious of its affinity to the Individualist Anarchism of Josiah Warren and Stephen Pearl Andrews ... William B. Greene presented this Proudhonian Mutualism in its purest and most systematic form .".

Mutualism is any relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit.

Mutualism is the way two organisms of different species biologically interact in a relationship in which each individual derives a fitness benefit ( i. e., increased or improved reproductive output ).

Mutualism is a type of symbiosis.

Mutualism is only one type.

Mutualism is in essence the logistic growth equation + mutualistic interaction.

Mutualism is an interaction between two or more species, where species derive a mutual benefit, for example an increased carrying capacity.

Mutualism may be classified in terms of the closeness of association, the closest being symbiosis, which is often confused with mutualism.

" Socialism and Communism both demand a degree of joint effort and administration which would beget more regulation than is wholly consistent with ideal Anarchism ; Individualism and Mutualism, resting upon property, involve a development of the private policeman not at all compatible with my notion of freedom.

For American anarchist historian Eunice Minette Schuster " It is apparent ... that Proudhonian Anarchism was to be found in the United States at least as early as 1848 and that it was not conscious of its affinity to the Individualist Anarchism of Josiah Warren and Stephen Pearl Andrews ... William B. Greene presented this Proudhonian Mutualism in its purest and most systematic form .".

Mutualism is based on a labor theory of value which holds that when labor or its product is sold, in exchange, it ought to receive goods or services embodying " the amount of labor necessary to produce an article of exactly similar and equal utility ".

Mutualism is based on a labor theory of value that holds that when labor or its product is sold, in exchange, it ought to receive goods or services embodying " the amount of labor necessary to produce an article of exactly similar and equal utility ".

Mutualism is often described by its proponents as advocating an " anti-capitalist free market ".

* Mutualism ( economic theory )

These proposals ranged from various forms of worker cooperatives coordinated by free markets such as Mutualism ( economic theory ), to state-owned enterprises competing with each other in open and unregulated markets.

* Mutualism ( economic theory ), an anarchist economic theory.

* Mutualism ( economic theory )

* Mutualism ( economic theory )

* Mutualism ( economic theory )

* Mutualism ( economic theory )

* Mutualism ( economic theory )

* Mutualism ( economic theory )

# REDIRECT Mutualism ( economic theory )

Category: Mutualism ( economic theory )

* Mutualism ( economic theory )

* Mutualism ( economic theory )

Benjamin Tucker, American individualist anarchist who focused on economics calling them " Anarchistic-Socialism " and adhering to the Mutualism ( economy ) | mutualist economics of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Josiah Warren

; William B. Greene: William B. Greene ( 1819 – 1878 ), an individualist anarchist based in the United States, was a Unitarian minister, and the originator of a Christian Mutualism, which he considered a new dispensation, beyond God ’ s covenant with Abraham.

Mutualism can in many ways be considered " the original anarchy ," since Proudhon was the first to identify himself as an anarchist.

Mutualism can be contrasted with interspecific competition, in which each species experiences reduced fitness, and exploitation, or parasitism, in which one species benefits at the expense of the other.

Mutualism, on the other hand, involves both species cooperating in some way, with both winning.

Mutualism can be associated with symbiosis

Benjamin Tucker originally subscribed to the idea of land ownership associated with Mutualism, which does not grant that this creates property in land, but holds that when people customarily use given land ( and in some versions goods ), other people should respect that use or possession.

Mutualism has been associated with two types of currency reform.

Mutualism is something of a middle way between classical economics and socialism, with some characteristics of both.

" When she embraced " anarchism without adjectives ", de Cleyre reasoned that: " Socialism and Communism both demand a degree of joint effort and administration which would beget more regulation than is wholly consistent with ideal Anarchism ; Individualism and Mutualism, resting upon property, involve a development of the private policeman not at all compatible with my notion of freedom.