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Myrinet physically consists of two fibre optic cables, upstream and downstream, connected to the host computers with a single connector.
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Myrinet and cables
The newest, " fourth-generation " Myrinet, called Myri-10G, supports a 10 Gbit / s data rate and is interoperable with 10 Gigabit Ethernet on PHY, the physical layer ( cables, connectors, distances, signaling ).
Myrinet and connected
Many modern supercomputers comprise giant server farms of high-speed processors connected by either Gigabit Ethernet or custom interconnects such as Infiniband or Myrinet.
Myrinet and host
Myrinet has much lower protocol overhead than standards such as Ethernet, and therefore provides better throughput, less interference, and lower latency while using the host CPU.
Myrinet and computers
In the November 2005 TOP500, the number of supercomputers using Myrinet was down to 101 computers, or 20. 2 %, in November 2006, 79 ( 15. 8 %), and by November 2007, 18 ( 3. 6 %), a long way behind Gigabit Ethernet at 54 % and Infiniband at 24. 2 %.
Myrinet and with
Myrinet is a lightweight protocol with little overhead that allows it to operate with throughput close to the basic signaling speed of the physical layer.
* Virtual machines for the distributed computing with clusters, having up to 128 processors on Myrinet ().
Although it can be used with TCP / IP ; like SCI, Myrinet and Infiniband it is usually used with a communication API such as MPI or SHMEM called from a parallel program.
In contrast, the Send / Recv model used by other zero-copy HPC interconnects, such as Myrinet or Quadrics, does not have the 1-sided communication problem or the memory paging problem described above, yet provides comparable reductions in latency when used in conjunction with HPC communication frameworks that expose the Send / Recv model to the programmer ( such as MPI ).
Myrinet and .
Myrinet, ANSI / VITA 26-1998, is a high-speed local area networking system designed by Myricom to be used as an interconnect between multiple machines to form computer clusters.
Although it can be used as a traditional networking system, Myrinet is often used directly by programs that " know " about it, thereby bypassing a call into the operating system.
Myrinet includes a number of fault-tolerance features, mostly backed by the switches.
On the latest 2. 0 Gbit / s links, Myrinet often runs at 1. 98 Gbit / s of sustained throughput, considerably better than what Ethernet offers, which varies from 0. 6 to 1. 9 Gbit / s, depending on load.
However, for supercomputing, the low latency of Myrinet is even more important than its throughput performance, since, according to Amdahl's law, a high-performance parallel system tends to be bottlenecked by its slowest sequential process, which in all but the most embarrassingly parallel supercomputer workloads is often the latency of message transmission across the network.
According to Myricom, 141 ( 28. 2 %) of the June 2005 TOP500 supercomputers used Myrinet technology.
In the latest TOP500 list ( June 2011 ), the number of supercomputers using Myrinet interconnect is 4 ( 0. 8 %).
This model has further been fueled by the availability of high performance interconnects such as Myrinet and InfiniBand technologies.
Like other interconnects such as Myrinet very large systems can be built by using multiple switch chassis arranged as spine ( top-level ) and leaf ( node-level ) switches.
The messages can be sent by a number of communication mechanisms, such as TCP / IP over Ethernet, or specialized high-speed interconnects such as Myrinet and Supercomputer Interconnect.
The computing nodes of MareNostrum communicate primarily through a high bandwidth, low latency Myrinet network consisting of integrated Myrinet adapters on each server blade and switched fabric of 12 Myrinet switches.
physically and consists
Nashi is provided enrichment on a near-daily basis, which consists of a stimulant to keep him active mentally and physically.
In order for recruits to pass boot camp, they will be physically and mentally tested on a 12 hour exercise called Battle Stations which consists of 12 different scenarios consisting of firefighting, first aid knowledge, survival at sea, mass casualties, shipboard flood control, bomb detection and many other skills that they have been learning in the past 7 weeks.
In its relation to the construction of the cosmos, matter consists of the three primordial elements, which, however, are not chemically connected with one another, but modify one another only physically.
It is the smallest municipality in the Canton, is the only municipality without a church and it consists of two physically separated sections.
Midwater ( pelagic ) trawling is a much " cleaner " method of fishing, in that the catch usually consists of just one species and does not physically damage the sea bottom.
The garrison consists of two main parts, Main Post ( North Post ) and South Post, which are physically divided by a four-lane city boulevard.
The typical magnetic amplifier consists of two physically separate but similar transformer magnetic cores, each of which has two windings-a control winding and an AC winding.
M73 was once treated as a potential sparsely populated open cluster, which consists of stars that are physically associated in space as well as on the sky.
" Pumping Up " primarily consists of Hans and Franz denigrating others for not being strong and as physically " fit " as they were, and then striking bodybuilder poses to show off their " muscled " bodies, complete with strained facial expressions.
building modification consists of modifying buildings or facilities so that they can be used by the physically disadvantaged or disabled.
It consists of the villages of Fischbach and Göslikon which merged in 1798 and since then have physically grown together.
It consists of a number of insurers, reinsurers, Clubs, brokers and other companies that are typically physically located in the City of London.
It consists of six departments and one special library for the physically handicapped.
The park consists of six physically separate sites and a park headquarters.
A KSDS consists of two parts, the data component and a separate index file known as the index component which allows the system to physically locate the record in the data file by its key value.
The act consists of Elmer telling a joke to Bugs and physically delivering the punchline.
physically and two
close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans ; two parts physically separated by Malaysia ; almost an enclave within Malaysia
It is rare for these two similarly sized species to physically confront one another, though bobcat populations tend to diminish in areas with high coyote densities.
It has also been suggested that the third eye ( Ajna ) physically resides at this location between the two hemispheres of the brain.
One reason that the ancients treated the parallel postulate as less certain than the others is that verifying it physically would require us to inspect two lines to check that they never intersected, even at some very distant point, and this inspection could potentially take an infinite amount of time.
An imperial political structure is established and maintained in two ways: ( i ) as a territorial empire of direct conquest and control with force ( direct, physical action to compel the emperor's goals ), and ( ii ) as a coercive, hegemonic empire of indirect conquest and control with power ( the perception that the emperor can physically enforce his desired goals ).
The two species are physically very similar.
Gutfreund, physically the largest of the hostages, was bound to a chair ( Groussard describes him as being tied up like a mummy ); the rest were lined up four apiece on the two beds in Springer and Shapira's room, and bound at the wrists and ankles and then to each other.
These thermal cycling steps are necessary first to physically separate the two strands in a DNA double helix at a high temperature in a process called DNA melting.
In contrast to metabolism, which physically separates the fixation to PEP from the Calvin cycle, CAM temporally separates these two processes.
With the construction of the Berlin Wall on 13 August 1961, along the intracity frontier, Potsdamer Platz now found itself physically divided in two.
Another, the overall phase of the state, has no physically observable consequences, so we can arbitrarily choose α to be real, leaving just two degrees of freedom.
These two towns physically bordered each other with Cherry Street dividing them.
There was an appropriation of the car because it had been physically removed but there were two issues to be decided:
These two new 16 kB ROMs and the original two 16 kB ROMs were now physically implemented together as two 32 kB chips.
These types of bands feature a near ubiquitous show format of Patterns In Motion drill ( though French curves and Band Pageantry by former FAMU director of bands William P. Foster are also common ), a large amount of stand fast time where the band plays a one or two selections in place, and a physically demanding, thoroughly choreographed full band dance routine.
The two coils may be physically contained in a single unit, as in the primary and secondary sides of a transformer, or may be separated.
Time-division multiplexing ( TDM ) is a type of digital ( or rarely analog ) multiplexing in which two or more bit streams or signals are transferred apparently simultaneously as sub-channels in one communication channel, but are physically taking turns on the channel.
* Transposition, sleight of hand magic, a performer appears to make two different objects ( coins or cards ) switch places with one another faster than physically possible.
Samuel was physically struck down by the dreadful apparition of his blinded army, and he died two days later after suffering a stroke.
LINX operates two physically separate networks or switching platforms on different architectures using equipment from different manufacturers ( Extreme Networks and Juniper Networks ).
At six feet, two inches ( 1. 88 m ) tall and 210 pounds ( 95 kg ; 15 stone ), Forrest was physically imposing and intimidating, especially compared to the average height of men at the time.
Two factors are considered here: How close the predator and prey are physically ( in the latter two cases the term prey may be replaced with host ).
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