In 1067, Carcassonne became the property of Raimond Bernard Trencavel, viscount of Albi and Nîmes, through his marriage with Ermengard, sister of the last count of Carcassonne.

Order was however restored in the course of the century, and Nîmes became the metropolis of Bas-Languedoc, diversifying its industry towards new kinds of activity.

Protesters attacked and massacred Catholic laymen and clergy the following day in Nîmes, in what became known as the Michelade.

By marriage to Ermengard, daughter of Peter II, Raymond Bernard, son of Bernard Ato III, became viscount of Carcassonne, having already acquired Nîmes.

Gnaeus Domitius Afer ( died 59 ) was a Roman orator and advocate, born at Nemausus ( Nîmes ) in Gallia Narbonensis.

In 1992 one commentator who claimed to be able to contact Nostradamus under hypnosis even had him ' interpreting ' his own verse X. 6 ( a prediction specifically about floods in southern France around the city of Nîmes and people taking refuge in its collosse, or Colosseum, a Roman amphitheatre now known as the Arènes ) as a prediction of an undated attack on the Pentagon, despite the historical seer's clear statement in his dedicatory letter to King Henri II that his prophecies were about Europe, North Africa and part of Asia Minor.

* Construction of a three tier Roman aqueduct beginning in Nîmes and running for 269 miles.

) Roman towns were built at Cavaillon ; Orange ; Arles ; Fréjus ; Glanum ( outside Saint-Rémy-de-Provence ); Carpentras ; Vaison-la-Romaine ; Nîmes ; Vernègues ; Saint-Chamas and Cimiez ( above Nice ).

Until 1857 Poitiers contained the ruins of a vast Roman amphitheatre larger than that of Nîmes.

Tourism related to history and art is also strong, as the region contains the historic cities of Carcassonne, Toulouse, Montpellier, countless Roman monuments ( such as the Roman arenas in Nîmes ), medieval abbeys, Romanesque churches, and old castles ( such as the ruined Cathar castles in the mountains of Corbières, testimony of the bloody Albigensian Crusade ).

Nîmes has a rich history, dating back to the Roman Empire, and is a popular tourist destination.

Veterans of the Roman legions who had served Julius Caesar in his Nile campaigns, at the end of fifteen years of soldiering, were given plots of land to cultivate on the plain of Nîmes.

Nîmes was already under Roman influence, though it was Augustus who made the city the capital of Narbonne province, and gave it all its glory.

Several important remains of the Roman Empire can still be seen in and around Nîmes:

* The official Web site of Roman Nîmes

* Images of Roman remains of Nîmes

The Roman Maison Carrée, Nîmes, illustrating the Roman version of a stylobate.

The Madeleine is built in the Neo-Classical style and was inspired by the Maison Carrée at Nîmes, one of the best-preserved of all Roman temples.

Another example can be found in the Roman amphitheater of Nîmes.

The Maison Carrée is an ancient building in Nîmes, southern France ; it is one of the best preserved temples to be found anywhere in the territory of the former Roman Empire.

These were demolished when the Maison Carrée housed what is now the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nîmes ( from 1821 to 1907 ), restoring it to the isolation it would have enjoyed in Roman times.

The Maison Carrée at Nîmes, France, is the best-preserved Roman hexastyle temple surviving from antiquity.

An early case of this is temple L at Epidauros, followed by many prominent Roman examples, such as the Maison Carrée at Nîmes.

The town lies at the source of the Eure, from where a Roman aqueduct was built in the first century BC, to supply water to the local city of Nîmes, 25KM away.

The Maison Carrée at Nîmes, a hexastyle pseudoperipteral Roman temple.

The design was modeled after the Maison Carrée at Nîmes in southern France, an ancient Roman temple.

The contemporary coat of arms of the city of Nîmes includes a crocodile chained to a palm tree with the inscription, for Colonia Nemausus, meaning the " colony " or " settlement " of Nemausus, the local Celtic god of the Volcae Arecomici.

The edict of Nantes had been repealed two years before ; but the Calvinists were still very numerous at Nîmes.

He played for Auxerre, Martigues, Marseille, Bordeaux, Montpellier, Nîmes and Leeds United before ending his professional footballing career at Manchester United, where he won four Premier League titles in five years and two League and FA Cup Doubles.

It was only in 1846, owing to a brilliant speech of the Jewish advocate Adolphe Crémieux, pronounced before the Court of Nîmes in defense of a rabbi who had refused to take this oath, and to a valuable essay on the subject by Martin, a prominent Christian advocate of Strasburg, that the Court of Cassation removed this last remnant of the legislation of the Middle Ages.

Mézy agreed to join Montpellier before the end of the 1978 – 79 season and was banned from playing for the remainder of the season by the Nîmes president after the signing of the deal.

The Jewish advocate Isaac Adolphe Crémieux won great fame by effecting the abolition of the oath through a case brought before the court of Nîmes in 1827.

Maison Carrée, Nîmes, France, 14 BC

The Neolithic site of Serre Paradis reveals the presence of semi-nomadic cultivators in the period 4000 to 3500 BC on the future site of Nîmes.

This limestone monolith of over two metres in height dates to about 2500 BC, and must be considered the oldest monument of Nîmes.

The Wars of Gaul and the fall of Marseille ( 49 BC ) allowed Nîmes to regain its autonomy under Rome.

With the port of Narbonne secure, the Umayyads swiftly subdued the largely unresisting cities of Alet, Béziers, Agde, Lodève, Maguelonne, and Nîmes, still controlled by their Visigothic counts.

The word comes from the name of a sturdy fabric called serge, originally made in Nîmes, France, by the André family.

Privas shares this inaccessibility, being by road 589 km from Paris, 574 km from Strasbourg, 215 km from Marseille, 211 km from Annecy, 162 km from Chambéry, 147 km from Nîmes, 140 km from Lyon, 135 km from Grenoble, and 127 km from Saint-Etienne.

Crossing the Alps by the easiest passage, the Col de Montgenèvre ( 1850 m ), it followed the valley of the Durance, crossed the Rhône at Beaucaire passed through Nîmes ( Nemausus ) then followed the coastal plain along the Gulf of Lion.

During that period Nîmes was jointly administered by a lay power resident in the old amphitheatre, where lived the Viguier and the Knights of the Arena, and the religious power based in the Bishop's palace complex, around the cathedral, its chapter and the Bishop's house ; meanwhile the city was represented by four Consuls, who sat in the Maison Carrée.

Ruins at Nîmes, painting by Hubert Robert.

In 1806 Napoleon made his decision to erect a memorial, a Temple de la Gloire de la Grande Armée (" Temple to the Glory of the Great Army "); following an elaborate competition with numerous entries and a jury that decided on a design by the architect Claude Étienne de Beaumont ( 1757 – 1811 ), the Emperor trumped all, instead commissioning Pierre-Alexandre Vignon ( 1763 – 1828 ) to build his design on an antique temple ( Compare the Maison Carrée, in Nîmes ) The then-existing foundations were razed, preserving the standing columns, and work begun anew.

When the episcopal charges of the bishops of Poitiers, Nîmes, and Nevers, recommending the case of the captive Pope Pius IX to the sympathy of the French Government, were met by a resolution in the Chamber, proposed by the Left, that the Government be requested " to repress Ultramontane manifestations " ( 4 May 1877 ), Magenta, twelve days later, asked Jules Simon to resign, summoned to power a conservative ministry under the Duc de Broglie, persuaded the Senate to dissolve the Chamber, and travelled through the country to assure the success of the Conservatives in the elections, protesting at the same time that he did not wish to overturn the Republic.

In December 1991, during a match for Nîmes he threw the ball at the referee, having been angered by one of his decisions.

His abilities were shown in an Éloge de Charles VII, which was honored by the Académie de Nîmes in 1820, and a memoire on Les Institutions de Saint Louis, which in 1821 was honored by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres.

Nîmes, Agde and Béziers, held by Muslims since 725, also fell to him and their fortresses were destroyed.

The turn of Provençal came in 1859 with Li Boutoun de guèto, poésies patoises by Antoine Bigot ( 1825 – 97 ), followed by several other collections of fables in the Nîmes dialect between 1881 and 1891.

He inherited the prominent Hungarian family name of Esterházy through his paternal grandfather ( a Nîmes merchant ) who was born out of wedlock and brought up under the name of Walsin, but was later acknowledged by his mother after the French Revolution of 1848.

With Narbonne secure, and equally important, its port, for the Arab mariners were masters now of the Western Mediterranean, al-Samh swiftly subdued the largely unresisting cities, still controlled by their Visigoth counts: taking Alet and Béziers, Agde, Lodève, Maguelonne and Nîmes.

Having gained a reputation with his Histoire primitive de la Grèce, he was elected deputy to the Estates-General of 1789 by the third estate of the bailliage of Nîmes.

No doubt, those who hoped to reach a solution amenable to the papacy were discouraged by the consistorial address of 22 March in which Pius VI spoke out against measures already passed by the Assembly ; also, the election of the Protestant Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne to the presidency of the Assembly brought about " commotions " at Toulouse and Nîmes, suggesting that at least some Catholics would accept nothing less than a return to the ancien régime practice under which only Catholics could hold office.

The enforcement of wearing the badge is repeated by local councils, with varying degrees of fines, at Arles 1234 and 1260, Béziers 1246, Albi 1254, Nîmes 1284 and 1365, Avignon 1326 and 1337, Rodez 1336, and Vanves 1368.

One is the Early Imperial temple of Augustus and Livia, a rectangular peripteral building of the Corinthian order, erected by the emperor Claudius, which owes its survival, like the Maison Carrée at Nîmes, to being converted to a church soon after the Theodosian decrees and later rededicated as " Notre Dame de Vie.