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Najibullah pursued a policy of National Reconciliation with the opposition, a new Afghan constitution was introduced in 1987 and democratic elections were held in 1988 ( which were boycotted by the mujahideen ).
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Najibullah and policy
Najibullah accused Karmal of trying to wreck his policy of National Reconciliation.
Another problem was that party members took his policy seriously too, Najibullah recanted that most party members felt " panic and pessimism.
At the end of 1986, Najibullah called for a six-month ceasefire and talks between the various opposition forces, as part of his policy of National Reconciliation.
Najibullah and National
The Soviet leadership wanted to ease Karmal out of politics, but when Najibullah began to complain that he was hampering his plans of National Reconciliation, the Soviet Politburo decided to remove Karmal ; this motion was supported by Andrei Gromyko, Yuli Vorontsov, Eduard Shevardnadze, Anatoly Dobrynin and Viktor Chebrikov.
In September 1986 the National Compromise Commission ( NCC ) was established on the orders of Najibullah.
At the end of 1986, Najibullah called for a six-months ceasefire and talks between the various opposition forces, this was part of his police of National Reconciliation.
In September 1986 the National Compromise Commission ( NCC ) was established on the orders of Najibullah.
After National Reconciliation talks in 1987 the official name of the country was reverted to Republic of Afghanistan ( as was known prior to the PDPA coup of 1978 ), the republic lasted until 1992 under the leadership of Najibullah and acting president for the last twelve days, Abdul Rahim Hatef.
After the fall of the Najibullah regime in 1992, Wardak was a member of the Security Committee of Kabul City, Chief of the Army Staff, Director of the Military Officers ' Society, Director of the Education Commission, member of the National Army Commission, Deputy Defence Minister, Director of Disarmament Programme and Director of Reform of the National Army.
Najibullah and with
* 1992 – General Abdul Rashid Dostum revolts against President Mohammad Najibullah of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and allies with Ahmed Shah Massoud to capture Kabul.
Under Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union was able to depose Karmal and replace him with Mohammad Najibullah.
Mikhail Gorbachev, the last Soviet leader, was able to get Karmal to step down as PDPA General Secretary in 1986, and replace him with Najibullah.
While direct Soviet assistance ended with the withdraw, the Soviet Union still supported Najibullah with plentiful of economic and military aid.
This change, coupled with others, did not win Najibullah any significant support.
In April 1978 the PDPA took power in Afghanistan, with Najibullah a member of the ruling Revolutionary Council.
In June 1981, Najibullah, along with Mohammad Aslam Watanjar, a former tank commander and the then Minister of Communications and Major General Mohammad Rafi, the Minister of Defence were appointed to the PDPA Politburo.
As would later be proven by the power struggle he had with Karmal after becoming PDPA General Secretary, despite Najibullah heading the KHAD for five years, Karmal still had sizeable to support in the organisation.
Najibullah with a student
Najibullah reassured the inter-party opposition that he would not give up the gains of the Saur Revolution, but to the contrary, preserve them, not give up the PDPA's monopoly on power, or to collaborate with reactionary Mullahs.
However, with an aggressive armed opposition, internal difficulties, and a failed coup attempt by the Khalq faction in 1990, the Najibullah government collapsed in April 1992.
At a Soviet Politburo meeting, Gorbachev said, " It's difficult to build a new building out of old material [...] I hope to God that we haven't made a mistake with Najibullah.
At the beginning most observers expected the Najibullah government to collapse immediately, and to be replaced with an Islamic fundamentalist government.
In March, Najibullah offered his government's immediate resignation, and following an agreement with the United Nations ( UN ), his government was replaced by an interim government.
The government was divided along factional lines, with President Taraki and Deputy Prime Minister Hafizullah Amin of the Khalq faction against Parcham leaders such as Babrak Karmal and Mohammad Najibullah.
The Soviet attack was initiated to protect Najibullah, who did not have a cease fire in effect with Masood, and who rightly feared an offensive by Masood's forces after the Soviet withdrawal.
Omar fought as a guerrilla with the anti-soviet Mujahideen under the command of Nek Mohammad and others, but did not fight against the Najibullah regime between 1989 and 1992.
The mujaheddin say his association with Najibullah makes him unacceptable.
The Taliban's first act is to execute the last Democratic Republic of Afghanistan president Mohammad Najibullah along with his brother Shahpur Ahmadzai.
In June, 2010, anonymous U. S. counter-terrorism officials told the Associated Press that Najibullah Zazi, who was arrested in September 2009 on charges that he planned to suicide bomb the New York subway system, had met with Shukrijumah in a camp in Pakistan.
Najibullah and opposition
Najibullah stated that only the extremist part of the opposition could not join the planned coalition government.
His opposition to the Pakistan-United States backed Afghan jihad and support for Afghan communist President Mohammad Najibullah damaged his standing amongst many conservative Pashtuns and Pakistanis.
Najibullah and new
In November 1986, Mohammad Najibullah, former chief of the Afghan secret police ( KHAD ), was elected president and a new constitution was adopted.
A Moscow-brokered plan calls for Najibullah to step aside in favor of Prime Minister Khaliqyar, who would serve as a transitional administrative leader until a new government could be elected.
Non-PDPA member Mohammad Hassan Sharq was selected by President Najibullah to be the new Council of Ministers chairman, replacing Keshtmand.
Najibullah and Afghan
The USSR continued to support President Mohammad Najibullah ( former head of the Afghan secret service, KHAD ) until 1992.
During Karmal's rule, Najibullah became head of the KHAD, the Afghan equivalent to the Soviet KGB.
During his ascension to power, several Afghan politician did not want Najibullah to succeed Babrak Karmal because of the fact that Najibullah was known for exploiting his powers for his own benefit.
In retaliation for Pakistan's assistance to the insurgents, the KHAD Afghan security service, under leader Mohammad Najibullah, carried out ( according to the Mitrokhin archives and other sources ) a large number of operations against Pakistan.
He also spoke to Afghanistan ’ s president, Mohammed Najibullah, and brewed Afghan tea for the crew.
Afghan President Mohammad Najibullah called Momand's mother into the President's office and arranged an audio / video conference between Momand and her.
* Najibullah Zazi ( born 1985 ), Afghan imprisoned in the USA for terrorist offenses
* Najibullah Quraishi, Afghan journalist and film maker
Afghan journalist Najibullah Quraishi made a documentary film titled The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan about the practice, which was shown in the U. K. in March, 2010 and aired in the U. S. the following month.
During the 1980s, the Soviet Union built up the " Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Air Force ", first in an attempt to defeat the mujahideen-led insurgency and, by the end of the decade, in hopes that a strong Afghan air power would preserve the pro-Soviet government of Najibullah.
After the fall of the Soviet-backed communist Najibullah government in 1992, the Afghan political parties agreed on a peace and power-sharing agreement ( the Peshawar Accords ).
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