The Sixth Coalition was formed, and the German states of the Confederation of the Rhine switched sides, finally opposing Napoleon.

Led by Mikhail Kutuzov and Barclay de Tolly, the Russian army ousted Napoleon from the country and drove through Europe in the war of the Sixth Coalition, finally entering Paris.

Napoleon was finally defeated by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher at Waterloo in present-day Belgium on 18 June 1815.

However, Napoleon reinstated it in May 1802, then finally abolished it permanently in March 1815.

A Revolutionary Army laid siege to the British positions for four months ( see the Siege of Toulon ), and finally, thanks to the enterprise of the young commander of artillery, Napoleon Bonaparte, defeated the British and drove them out in December 1793.

Then the Netherlands were finally reunited with the origins of the " alluvial deposits of the French rivers ," of which the country in the view of Napoleon consists.

When the Sixth Coalition finally defeated Napoleon, Louis XVIII was restored to what he, and Royalists, considered his rightful place.

This period is characterized by the fall of the monarchy, the establishment of the National Convention and the infamous Reign of Terror, the founding of the Directory and the Thermidorian Reaction, and finally, the creation of the Consulate and Napoleon ’ s rise to power.

When they finally arrived, Elizabeth was denied permission to set foot in continental Europe by order of Napoleon.

Marie Louise was finally persuaded to leave by Henri Clarke, who received the order from Napoleon: " I would prefer to know that they Empress and the King of Rome are both at the bottom of the Seine rather than in the hands of the foreigners.

Among Niépce's other inventions was the Pyréolophore, the world's first ' internal combustion engine ', which he conceived, created, and developed with his older brother Claude, finally receiving a patent on July 20, 1807 from the Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, after successfully powering a boat upstream on the river Saône.

Napoleon finally caught up with Blucher near Brienne.

Thanks to the victory at Marengo, Napoleon could finally set about reforming France according to his own vision.

Karnak was visited and described in succession by Claude Sicard and his travel companion Pierre Laurent Pincia ( 1718 and 1720 – 21 ), Granger ( 1731 ), Frederick Louis Norden ( 1737 – 38 ), Richard Pococke ( 1738 ), James Bruce ( 1769 ), Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert Sonnini de Manoncourt ( 1777 ), William George Browne ( 1792 – 93 ), and finally by a number of scientists of the Napoleon expedition, including Vivant Denon, during 1798 – 1799.

With the introduction of the Act of Mediation under Napoleon in 1803, the separation of the city of Fribourg from its Canton was finally carried out.

Following the Revolution of 1848 that saw the end of the reign of King Louis Philippe, Delacroix ' painting, Liberty Leading the People, was finally put on display by the newly elected President, Louis Napoleon ( Napoleon III ).

On 2 February Napoleon finally captured Mantua, with the Austrians surrendering 18, 000 men.

Around 8: 45 a. m., finally satisfied at the weakness in the enemy centre, Napoleon asked Soult how long it would take for his men to reach the Pratzen Heights, to which the Marshal replied, “ Less than twenty minutes, sire .” About 15 minutes later, Napoleon ordered the attack, adding, “ One sharp blow and the war is over .”

Napoleon finally captured Mantua by siege, and, in the process, the Austrians surrendered eighteen thousand men.

When Napoleon was finally defeated in 1815, Maria and her family remained in Brazil.

The inflation was finally solved by Napoleon in 1803 by introducing the franc as the new currency.

This edition was corrupt and full of errors but served for later editions for three centuries until the rediscovery of the 10th century Heidelberg manuscript which was taken to Rome during the Thirty Years War ( 1618 – 1648 ), then to Paris under Napoleon, and finally returned to Heidelberg in 1816.

At the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt on October 14, 1806 – when Napoleon invaded Prussia and defeated the massed Prussian-Saxon army commanded by Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick – he was captured, one of the 25, 000 prisoners captured that day as the Prussian army disintegrated.

On 12 June 1812 Napoleon invaded Russia with a Grande Armée of nearly 700, 000 troops.

Allied armies invaded France in early 1814, Paris fell, and in April Napoleon surrendered.

Spain temporarily broke off from the Continental System, and Napoleon – aggravated with the Bourbon kings of Spain – invaded Spain in 1808 and deposed Ferdinand VII, who had been on the throne only forty-eight days after his father's abdication in March 1808.

By the time Madison was standing for reelection, the Peninsular War in Spain had spread, while at the same time Napoleon invaded Russia, and the entire continent again descended into war.

The Duke of Wellington and his army of British and Portuguese gradually pushed the French out of Spain and in early 1814, as Napoleon was being driven back in the east by the Prussians, Austrians, and Russians, Wellington invaded southern France.

Napoleon invaded Italy in 1796, and Milan was declared capital of the Cisalpine Republic.

These principalities were confiscated when Napoleon invaded Germany ( 1806 ) and William supported his Prussian relatives.

Powell further claimed that even if nuclear weapons had not existed, the Russians would still not have invaded Western Europe: " What has prevented that from happening was ... the fact that the Soviet Union knew ... that such an action on its part would have led to a third world war -— a long war, bitterly fought, a war which in the end the Soviet Union would have been likely to lose on the same basis and in the same way as the corresponding war was lost by Napoleon, by the Emperor Wilhelm and by Adolf Hitler.

In 1797, Napoleon invaded the territory of the Venetian Republic.

Napoleon exploited the situation and invaded Spain in March 1808.

In 1796 French Republican troops under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Italy, defeated the papal troops and occupied Ancona and Loreto.

In 1812, at the height of his power, Napoleon invaded Russia with a pan-European Grande Armée, consisting of 650, 000 men ( 270, 000 Frenchmen and many soldiers of allies or subject areas ).

After British troops invaded Walcheren in 1809, Napoleon was fed up with his hesitant brother.

Louis XVIII was forced to abandon Verona when Napoleon Bonaparte invaded the Republic of Venice.

Napoleon had on 31 July instructed his Foreign Minister, Talleyrand, to inform the Danes that if they did not wish for Holstein to be invaded and occupied by Jean Bernadotte they must prepare for war against Britain.

In an attempt to junction with Tipu Sultan, Napoleon invaded Ottoman Egypt in the year 1798, causing a furor in Istanbul.

Napoleon himself invaded Syria from Egypt, but after a failed siege of Acre retreated to Egypt, repelling a British-Turkish invasion.

When Napoleon invaded Russia in 1812, Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly ( then Minister of War ) chose to follow the scorched earth principle and retreat rather than to risk a major battle.

In 1801, the Spanish Prime Minister, Manuel de Godoy, Prince of the Peace, invaded Portugal with backing from Napoleon.

In 1808, the army of French Emperor Napoleon I invaded Portugal, forcing the Portuguese royal family — the House of Braganza, a branch of the thousand-year-old Capetian dynasty — into exile.

In 1807 French troops of Napoleon Bonaparte invaded the UK's ally, Portugal.

* The Napoleonic Wars, when Portugal, isolated in a Europe wholly dominated by Napoleon, continued to trade with the United Kingdom despite French restrictions and was finally invaded, but with British help finally regained total sovereignty and independence.

With their armies reorganized, they drove Napoleon out of Germany in 1813 and invaded France in 1814, forcing Napoleon to abdicate and restoring the Bourbons.