This notion of the General Will gave rise to the Commune of Paris in the Revolution and later brought Napoleon to dictatorship.

The New York Times did not review the film upon release, but film critic Howard Thompson gave it a positive review on a re-release at a children's matinee with the Bugs Bunny short, Napoleon Bunny-Part, in December 1970.

Luxembourg remained more or less under French rule until the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, when the Congress of Vienna gave formal autonomy to Luxembourg.

Having lost the revenue potential of Haiti while escalating his wars against the rest of Europe, Napoleon gave up on an empire in North America and used the purchase money to help finance France's war campaign on its home front.

The British gave up their attacks over Spanish territories when the Peninsular War turned Britain and Spain into allies against Napoleon.

Napoleon Bonaparte gave him some small German principalities as indemnities for the lost territories.

At the banquet, President de Gaulle gave a speech placing Patton's achievements alongside those of Napoleon.

The Princess offered Gautier a sinecure as her librarian in 1868, a position that gave him access to the court of Napoleon III.

As Napoleon I's eldest legitimate son, he was already constitutionally Prince Imperial and heir-apparent, but the Emperor also gave his son the style " His Majesty the King of Rome ".

The ultras found themselves back in power in favourable circumstances: Berry's wife, the duchesse de Berry, gave birth to " miracle child ", Henri, seven months after the duc's death ; Napoleon died on Saint Helena in 1821, and his son, the duc de Reichstadt, remained interned in Austrian hands.

In March 1811 Marie Louise delivered a long-awaited heir, to whom Napoleon gave the title " King of Rome ".

On May 26, 1805, the Iron Crown was in Milan for the coronation of Napoleon Bonaparte, who only puts on his head, uttering the famous phrase " God gave it to me, woe to anyone who touches it.

Basil also describes Ratigan as " The Napoleon of Crime ", the same designation Holmes gave Moriarty in " The Final Problem.

The Treaty of Campoformio ( 17 October 1797 ), by which Napoleon handed Venice over to the Austrians, gave a rude shock to Foscolo, but did not quite destroy his hopes.

His Army friends gave him many nicknames: " Little Creole ", " Bory ", " Little Frenchman ", " Felix ", and " Little Napoleon ".

Napoleon never gave a title of nobility to any of his commanders, as was customary following a great victory.

In accordance with his chivalric ideals, Paul was elected as the Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller, to whom he gave shelter following their ejection from Malta by Napoleon.

Before leaving Ligny, Napoleon gave Grouchy 33, 000 men and orders to follow up the retreating Prussians.

Napoleon had hoped that he would be able to catch the Austrian army between Davout and the Danube, but he didn't know that Ratisbon had fallen and thus gave the Austrians a means of escape over the river.

Napoleon gave brief orders: Ney's corps would take the line between Postlienen and the Sortlack Wood, Lannes closing on his left, to form the centre, Mortier at Heinrichsdorf the left wing.

Then, Chasseloup gave Napoleon the founding stone, on which was inscribed: " Napoleon, Emperor of the French and King of Italy, to the manes of the defenders of the fatherland who perished on the day of Marengo.

Napoleon ordered Marshal Claude Victor-Perrin, duc de Belluno, to Montereau, but Victor's force was slow in marching on Montereau, this gave time for Württemberg to strengthen his hasty positions.

On 4 July, by nightfall, under the cover of a violent thunderstorm that impeded any Austrian observation, Napoleon gave the order for the commencement of the crossing operations.

The ensuing French leader, Napoleon Bonaparte, conquered and enforced reforms through war up to 1815.

In Germany Napoleon set up the " Confederation of the Rhine ," comprising most of the German states except Prussia and Austria.

The revolutionaries, after overthrowing the French monarchy in the 1790s, began by setting up a republic ; Napoleon converted it into an Empire with a new aristocracy.

He kept up his prodigious output of fiction, as well as producing a biography of Napoleon Bonaparte, until 1831.

Napoleon sends the corps of d ' Erlon up the ridge where Wellington's men are sheltering from the French guns.

In 1806, a Fourth Coalition was set up, on 14 October Napoleon defeated the Prussians at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, marched through Germany and defeated the Russians on 14 June 1807 at Friedland.

During his very short stay ( six days ), Napoleon accomplished quite a of reforms, notably the creation of a new administration with a Government Commission, the creation of twelve municipalities, the setting up of a public finance administration, the abolition of all feudal rights and privileges, the abolition of slavery and the granting of freedom to all Turkish slaves ( 2000 in all ).

With Napoleon III personally leading the army with Marshal MacMahon in attendance, they led the Army of Châlons in a left-flanking march northeast towards the Belgian border in an attempt to avoid the Prussians before striking south to link up with Bazaine.

Austria's attack prevented Napoleon from successfully wrapping up operations against British forces by necessitating his departure for Austria, and he never returned to the Peninsular theatre.

But the Austrian commander, Archduke Charles, failed to follow up on his indecisive victory, allowing Napoleon to prepare and seize Vienna in early July.

Napoleon vowed that he would create a new army as large as the one he had sent into Russia, and quickly built up his forces in the east from 30, 000 to 130, 000 and eventually to 400, 000.

Until the time of Napoleon, European states employed relatively small armies, made up of both national soldiers and mercenaries.

As Napoleon ’ s troops in Saxony formed up for the retreat before the expanded coalition, the first defectors from the Saxon army to the allies came in September.

After the fall of Louis Napoleon following the defeat in the Franco-Prussian War barricades went up in the streets of Marseille ( 23 March 1871 ) and the Communards, led by Gaston Cremieux and following the lead of the Paris Commune, took control of the city.

The Kingdom of Holland 1806 – 1810 (, ) was set up by Napoleon Bonaparte as a puppet kingdom for his third brother, Louis Bonaparte, in order to better control the Netherlands.

After British troops invaded Walcheren in 1809, Napoleon was fed up with his hesitant brother.

Larrey was present at the battle of Spires, between the French and Prussians, and was distressed by the fact that wounded soldiers were not picked up by the numerous ambulances ( which Napoleon required to be stationed two and half miles back from the scene of battle ) until after hostilities had ceased, and set about developing a new ambulance system.

After the fall of Napoleon he was given up to the Austrians, who allowed him to reside at Linz until his death, on condition that he never left town.

Afraid that Garibaldi would set up a republican government in the south, the Sardinians petitioned Emperor Napoleon III of France for permission to send troops through the Papal States to gain control of the Two Sicilies, which was granted on the condition that Rome was left undisturbed.

Louis XVIII attempted to strike up a correspondence with Napoleon Bonaparte ( now First Consul of France ) in 1800.

Napoleon dismissed Joseph's misgivings out of hand ; and, to back up the raw and ill-trained levies he had initially allocated to Spain — the Emperor sent heavy French reinforcements to assist Joseph in maintaining his position as King of Spain.

Most of the royal families of Europe were unwilling to marry into the parvenu Bonaparte family, and after rebuffs from Princess Carola of Sweden and from Queen Victoria's German niece Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Napoleon decided to lower his sights somewhat and " marry for love ", choosing the Countess of Teba, Eugénie de Montijo, a Spanish noblewoman of partial Scottish ancestry who had been brought up in Paris.