In Russia the intellectuals of the " Populists " ( Narodnaya Volya ) and, later, the Socialist-Revolutionary Party developed a theoretical basis for a peasant movement, building a rich, well-developed humanistic ideology which influenced eastern Europe, especially the Balkans.

# 1881 Alexander II of Russia by Ignacy Hryniewiecki, a member of Narodnaya Volya ( People's Will )

Members of Narodnaya Volya were also prisoners of the Butyrka in 1883, as were the participants in the Morozov Strike of 1885.

Mykolaj Ivanovych Kybalchych ( 1853 – 1881 ) was a Ukrainian scientist, taking part in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II as the main explosive expert for Narodnaya Volya ( the People's Will ), and also a rocket pioneer.

He went on to join Narodnaya Volya, becoming their main explosives expert.

Thus Kybalchych and other Narodnaya Volya plotters including Sophia Perovskaya, Andrei Zhelyabov, Nikolai Rysakov and Timofei Mikhailov were hanged on April 3, 1881.

Catherine became a widow with the assassination of Alexander II on 1 March 1881 by members of Narodnaya Volya.

* March 1 ( Julian calendar ) 1881 – Tsar Alexander II of Russia is killed in a bomb blast by Narodnaya Volya.

Narodnaya Volya, a Russian populist organisation, made extensive use of them in the 1870s.

Waves of politically motivated terrorist movements in Europe during the 1800s ( e. g. the Narodnaya Volya, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation ) and early 1900s ( e. g. the IRA, the Irgun ) served as inspirations and models which would inspire the Islamists over the course of the 20th century and beyond.

The Russian, Ottoman, and Habsburg Empires, for example, all suffered from terrorist attacks and had terrorist organizations – the Black Hand, Young Bosnia, Narodnaya Volya – spawned from their multiple ethnic groups, religions and national identities.

This was probably why he was invited to meetings of the Russian revolutionary Narodnaya Volya ( People's Will ) movement.

Narodnaya Volya (, The People ’ s Will or The People's Freedom ) was a

Narodnaya Volya was led by its Executive Committee: Alexander Mikhailov, Aleksandr Kvyatkovsky, Andrei Zhelyabov, Sophia Perovskaya, Vera Figner, Nikolai Morozov, Mikhail Frolenko, Lev Tikhomirov, Alexander Barannikov, Anna Yakimova, Maria Oshanina and others.

Vladimir Lenin's elder brother, Alexander Ulyanov was a later member of a subsequent incarnation of Narodnaya Volya, and led a cell that plotted to assassinate Tsar Alexander III.

In 1879 – 1883, Narodnaya Volya had affiliates in almost 50 cities, especially in Ukraine and the Volga region.

Though the number of its members never exceeded 500, Narodnaya Volya had a few thousand followers.

Narodnaya Volya ’ s Program contained the following demands: convocation of the Constituent Assembly ( for designing a Constitution ); introduction of universal suffrage ; permanent people ’ s representation, freedom of speech, press, and assembly ; communal self-government ; exchange of the permanent army with a people ’ s volunteer corps ; transfer of land to the people ; gradual placement of the factories under the control of the workers ; and granting oppressed peoples of the Russian Empire the right to self-determination.

Narodnaya Volya differed from its parent organization, the narodnik Zemlya i volya, in that its members had come to believe that a social revolution would be impossible in the absence of a political revolution ; the peasantry could not take possession of the land as long as the government remained autocratic.

Given Zemlya i Volya's failures in its propaganda efforts among the peasants in the movements " to the people " in the early 1870s, Narodnaya Volya turned its energies against the central government.

The members of Narodnaya Volya were not in complete agreement about the relationship between the social and political revolutions ; some believed in the possibility of achieving both simultaneously, relying on the socialist instincts of the Russian peasantry, as demonstrated in the traditional peasant commune.

The Liberal faction of Narodnaya Volya ( which had no real influence ) proposed to limit their demands to getting a Constitution from the tsarist government.

Narodnaya Volya spread its propaganda through all strata of the population.

Its newspapers, " Narodnaya Volya " and “ The Worker ’ s Gazette ”, attempted to popularize the idea of a political struggle with the autocracy.

Their struggle to topple autocracy was crowned by the slogan “ Now or never !” Narodnaya Volya did not succeed in enlisting the peasantry in its work, which would later lead Soviet historians to charge it with Blanquism ; these historians would argue that Narodnaya Volya understood political struggle only in terms of conspiracy and, therefore, looked more like a sect.

The great irony of the Narodnaya Volya is that their aim was to save Russia from the autocracy, yet their assassination of Alexander II on March 1st ( old standard ) 1881 perpetuated autocratic oppression.

After the assassination of Alexander II, Narodnaya Volya went through a period of ideological and organizational crisis.

Pervomartovtsy (; a compound term literally meaning those of March 1 ) were the Russian revolutionaries, members of Narodnaya Volya, planners and executors of the assassination of Alexander II of Russia ( March 1, 1881 ) and attempted murder of Alexander III of Russia ( March 1, 1887, also known as " The Second First of March ").

The assassination in 1881 was planned by Narodnaya Volya's Executive Committee.

This orientation became stronger three years later, when the group renamed itself the People's Will ( Narodnaya Volya ), the name under which the radicals were responsible for the assassination of Alexander II in 1881.

In 1898 Burtsev was arrested by British police for advocating, in his magazine " Народоволец " ( Narodnaya Volya Comrade ), the assassination of Nicholas II.

In the late 1886, Shevyrev and Aleksandr Ulyanov created the " Terrorist Faction " of Narodnaya Volya, which would be responsible for devising the attempted assassination of Alexander III on March 1, 1887.

That same year, he became a member of the " Terrorist Faction " of Narodnaya Volya and, together with Aleksandr Ulyanov and others, took part in planning the assassination of Tsar Alexander III.

In 1886, Osipanov joined the " Terrorist Faction " of Narodnaya Volya and, together with Aleksandr Ulyanov and others, took part in preparing the assassination of Alexander III.

Gesya Mirokhovna Gelfman ( Gesia Gelfman or Helfmann ); ( Гельфман, Геся Мироховна in Russian ) ( her name is often incorrectly spelled Gesya Mironovna and she sometimes gave an abbreviated " Mirovna "; she is sometimes referred to as Gesia, Hesse, Hessy or Jessie ) ( between 1852 and 1855, Mazyr — 2. 1 ( 13 ). 1882, Saint Petersburg ), Russian revolutionary, member of Narodnaya Volya, implicated in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II of Russia.

The most significant attempts at reviving Narodnaya Volya are associated with the names of Gherman Lopatin ( 1884 ), Pyotr Yakubovich ( 1883 – 1884 ), Boris Orzhikh, Vladimir Bogoraz, Lev Sternberg ( 1885 ), and Sofia Ginsburg ( 1889 ).

( also known as Kaminski Brigade and earlier as the Russian National Liberation Army-Russkaya Osvoboditelnaya Narodnaya Armiya, RONA ), an anti-partisan formation made up of people from the so-called Lokot Autonomy territory in the Nazi Germany occupied areas of Russia, which was later incorporated into the Waffen-SS as the S. S. Sturmbrigade R. O. N. A., on the base of which the Germans planned to create the 29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS RONA ( 1st Russian ).

On November 17, 2003, the Minsk City Court on 17 ordered Narodnaya Volya to pay 50 million Belarusian rubles in damages for libel against Yahor Rybakou, the chairman of the Belarusian State Television and Radio Company ( BDT ).

This act backfired on a political level, because the peasantry were generally horrified by the murder, and the government had many Narodnaya Volya leaders hanged, leaving the group unorganized and ineffective.

Narodnichestvo had a direct influence on politics and culture in Romania, through the writings of Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea and the advocacy of the Bessarabian-born Constantin Stere ( who was a member of Narodnaya Volya in his youth ).

Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (,, Khorezmskaya Narodnaya Sovetskaya Respublika ) was created as the successor to the Khanate of Khiva in February 1920, when the khan abdicated in response to popular pressure, and officially declared by the First Khorezm Kurultay ( Assembly ) on 26 April 1920.

The Trial of the Sixteen (" Процесс 16-ти " in Russian ) was a trial of sixteen members of the Narodnaya volya in Russian Empire on October 25 – 30 ( November 6 – 11 ), 1880.