Virgil Reading the Aeneid to Augustus and Octavia, by Jean-Joseph Taillasson, 1787, an early Neoclassicism | neoclassical painting ( National Gallery ( London ) | National Gallery, London )

Serbian painting showed the influence of Biedermeier, Neoclassicism, Romanticism and Realism during the 19th century.

Later classicism in painting and sculpture from the mid-18th and 19th centuries is generally referred to as Neoclassicism.

Neoclassicism was strongest in architecture, sculpture and the decorative arts, where classical models in the same medium were relatively numerous and accessible ; examples from ancient painting that demonstrated the qualities that Winckelmann's writing found in sculpture were and are lacking.

Neo-Grec is a term referring to late manifestations of Neoclassicism, early Neo-Renaissance now called the Greek Revival style, which was popularized in architecture, the decorative arts, and in painting during France's Second Empire, or the reign of Napoleon III, a period that lasted approximately between 1848 and 1865.

The painting immediately became a huge success with critics and the public, and remains the best known painting of Neoclassicism.

Neoclassicism first gained influence in England and France, through a generation of French art students trained in Rome and influenced by the writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann, and it was quickly adopted by progressive circles in Sweden.

In the meantime Alexander I was succeeded by his brother Nicholas I. Profoundly Orthodox and patriotic, the new Tsar disliked the Neoclassicism and Freemasonry of the project selected by his brother.

Although he did not create any new furniture style, he interpreted fashionable European trends in a manner so distinguished and particular that he became a major spokesman for Neoclassicism in the United States, influencing a whole generation of cabinetmakers and defining, somehow, an American own style of furnishings.

Neoclassicism in many ways developed as a counter movement of the Rococo, the impetus being a sense of disgust directed towards the latter's florid qualities.

Despite the influence of his books, Gibbs, as a stylistic outsider, had little effect on the later direction of British architecture, which saw the rise of Neoclassicism shortly after his death.

Scenes from ancient history had been popular in the early Renaissance, and once again became common in the Baroque and Rococo periods, and still more so with the rise of Neoclassicism.

The 20th century saw many experiments with modern styles, such as atonality and serialism ( Schoenberg and Berg ), Neoclassicism ( Stravinsky ), and Minimalism ( Philip Glass and John Adams ).

The architecture of Sofia's centre is thus a combination of Neo-Baroque, Neo-Rococo, Neo-Renaissance and Neoclassicism, with the Vienna Secession also later playing an important part, but it is mostly typically Central European.

Although Art Nouveau was replaced by 20th-century modernist styles, it is considered now as an important transition between the historicism of Neoclassicism and modernism. Furthermore, Art Nouveau monuments are now recognised by UNESCO with their World Heritage List as significant contributions to cultural heritage.

Latrobe brought from England influences of British Neoclassicism, and was able to combine it with styles introduced by Thomas Jefferson, to devise an American Greek Revival style.

David's many students included Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, who saw himself as a classicist throughout his long career, despite a mature style that has an equivocal relationship with the main current of Neoclassicism, and many later diversions into Orientalism and the Troubadour style that are hard to distinguish from those of his unabashedly Romantic contemporaries, except by the primacy his works always give to drawing.

Gothic revival architecture ( often linked with the Romantic cultural movement ), a style originating in the 18th century which grew in popularity throughout the 19th century, contrasted Neoclassicism.

In the 1860s, Corot was still mixing peasant figures with mythological ones, mixing Neoclassicism with Realism, causing one critic to lament, " If M. Corot would kill, once and for all, the nymphs of his woods and replace them with peasants, I should like him beyond measure.

The term was actually loathed by Debussy: " I am trying to do ' something different — in a way realities — what the imbeciles call ' impressionism ' is a term which is as poorly used as possible, particularly by art critics " ( Politoske 1988, 419 )— and Maurice Ravel's music, also often labelled with this term, explores music in many styles not always related to it ( see the discussion on Neoclassicism, below ).

Neoclassicism had become widespread in Europe throughout the 18th century, especially in the United Kingdom, which saw great works of Neoclassical architecture spring up during this period ; Neoclassicism's fascination with classical antiquity can be seen in the popularity of the Grand Tour during this decade, where wealthy aristocrats travelled to the ancient ruins of Italy and Greece.

Nevertheless, a defining moment for Neoclassicism came during the French Revolution in the late 18th century ; in France, Rococo art was replaced with the preferred Neoclassical art, which was seen as more serious than the former movement.

At Naples and Caserta, Vanvitelli practiced a sober and classicizing academic style, with equal attention to aesthetics and engineering, a style that would make an easy transition to Neoclassicism.

In the 19th century, in the revived form of the debate, the attention and the aims of the art world became to synthesize the line of Neoclassicism with the color of Romanticism.

In the decorative arts, Neo-Grec was based on the standard repertory of Greco-Roman ornament, combining motifs drawn from Greek vase-painting and repetitive architectural motifs like anthemions, palmettes, Greek key with elements from the Adam and Louis XVI styles of early Neoclassicism ( c. 1765 – 1790 ), and of Napoleonic-era Egyptian revival decorative arts ; it can be identified by the frequent use of isolated motifs of Classical heads and figures, masks, winged griffins, sea-serpents, urns, medallions, arabesques and lotus buds confined within panels, shaped reserves or multiple borders of anthemion, guilloche, and Greek fret pattern.

Training at the École as an architect-designer, even as late as the early 20th century, meant an immersion in what is today known as Beaux-Arts Neoclassicism, a historicist architectural style that sought to train architects — and artists — to stay within the grand traditions that began with the Greeks, passed through Rome and then the Renaissance, and emerged as the dominant style of French culture.

Neoclassicism in music was a twentieth-century trend, particularly current in the period between the two World Wars, in which composers sought to return to aesthetic precepts associated with the broadly defined concept of " classicism ", namely order, balance, clarity, economy, and emotional restraint.

Disappointed with the reactions, starting in the early 1930s, Merikanto gradually abandoned his more radical style and turned towards a more traditional idiom based on Neoclassicism.

Though the rise of a more serious approach in Neoclassicism from the 1770s onward tended to replace Oriental inspired designs, at the height of Regency " Grecian " furnishings, the Prince Regent came down with a case of Brighton Pavilion, and Chamberlain's Worcester china manufactory imitated gaudy " Imari " wares.

In the ensuing years a long sequence of architects profited from his discourse: Boullée, Brongniart, Chalgrin, La Guêpière, Desprez, de Wailly, Gondoin, Ledoux, Guimard and Rondelet, and to foreigners who would bring Neoclassicism home with them: the Anglo-Swedish Sir William Chambers, and the Dane Caspar Frederik Harsdorff.

Nicholas I, who felt disaffected with the prevailing Neoclassicism of Russian architecture, remarked that " Russians have their own great art traditions and don't need to cringe before Rome ".

In common with a number of Spanish and Latin American Romantics, his intellectual formation was in Neoclassicism, and indeed his poetry is notable for its perfection of form as well as ( often ) the sincerity and depth of his feelings.

In the Italianate style, the models and architectural vocabulary of 16th-century Italian Renaissance architecture, which had served as inspiration for both Palladianism and Neoclassicism, were synthesized with picturesque aesthetics.

At the end of the century, Jacques-Louis David was the most influential painter of the Neoclassicism.

Another pupil of David's, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres became the most important artist of the restored Royal Academy and the figurehead of the Neoclassical school of art, engaging the increasingly popular Romantic school of art that was beginning to challenge Neoclassicism.

In fashion, Neoclassicism influenced the much greater simplicity of women's dresses, and the long-lasting fashion for white, from well before the French Revolution, but it was not until after it that thorough-going attempts to imitate ancient styles became fashionable in France, at least for women.

During this period at the Louvre he discovered a vitality he found lacking in the prevailing school of Neoclassicism.

he was a great figure in his day, around whose modest and kindly personality there waged opposing storms of denunciation and applause, as the Rococo style he embodied was rejected in favor of Neoclassicism ; Charles Othon Frédéric Jean-Baptiste de Clarac asserted that he had delivered a mortal blow at sculpture.

Neoclassicism in music was only possible when the period of romantic music ( which evolved from the classical era in music ) drew to a close by the end of the 19th century: only at that time could classical music be rediscovered and lead to neoclassicist music.

Philhellenism also created a renewed interest in the artistic movement of Neoclassicism, which idealized 5th-century Classical Greek art and architecture., very much at second hand, through the writings of the first generation of art historians, like Johann Joachim Winckelmann and Gotthold Ephraim Lessing.

Wardell's Neoclassicism | neoclassical interior at Government House