Neoliberal economics in the 1920s took the ideas of the great liberal economists, such as Adam Smith, and updated them for the modern world.

Neoliberal doctrine argued that untrammeled free trade and reduction of public-sector regulation would bring benefits to poor countries and to disadvantaged people in rich countries.

Cambodia's Neoliberal Order: Violence, Authoritarianism, and the Contestation of Public Space.

As the political influence of those promoting Neoliberal stances and Globalization gained prominence during the 1970s, the advocates of Import Substitution Industrialization, Protectionism, Social Corporatism, Syndicalism, many models of Socialism and other forms of Autarky or semi-Autarky began to occupy an increasingly marginalized space in public policy circles, professional economics and elected office.

The domestic changes brought about by a continued entrenchment of Neoliberal economic policies in multinational trade agreements and economic forums has also led to a feedback loop, wherein influence within and thus support for such bodies predicates favorable national economic outcomes for the commercial constituencies that hold most political sway across the political spectrum in many nations.

Neoliberal policies advanced by supranational organizations have come under criticism, from both socialist and libertarian writers, for advancing a corporatist agenda.

The Road from Mont Pelerin: The Making of the Neoliberal Thought Collective.

The Politics of Free Markets: The Rise of Neoliberal Economic Policies in Britain, France, Germany and the United States.

Neoliberal shock therapy views economic stability as an outcome of economic liberalisation, while Sachs ' shock therapy views liberalisation as a necessary means to economic stabilisation.

Neoliberal shock therapy became very controversial, with its proponents noting that it helped to end economic crises, stabilise economies and pave the way for growth, while its critics ( like Joseph Stiglitz ) believed that it helped deepen them unnecessarily and created unnecessary social suffering.

Neoliberal theory broadly follows neoclassical theory with some exceptions.

This was signed with the approval of the deputies of the ARENA, PCN and PDC political parties imitating the Neoliberal system that supports the administration of gubernamental agencies by the private enterprise for overall improvement of the coverage in telecommunications.

* Neoliberals: Neoliberal tendencies were introduced in Portuguese economy by Cavaco Silva, removing socialism from the constitution and finishing the de-collectivization of the economy started with Sá Carneiro.

Barrio Dreams: Puerto Ricans, Latinos and the Neoliberal City.

The Neoliberal economic platform was introduced during this period.

“ Neoliberal Policy, Rural Livelihoods and Urban Food Security in West Africa: A Comparative Study of The Gambia, Côte d ' Ivoire and Mali.

Many scholars have argued that SAPs and Neoliberal policies have negatively affected many developing countries ; the privatization of water in Bolivia and the privatization of the health system in Sub-Saharan Africa are few examples of such negative implications.

The Neoliberal City.

Neoliberal economics was endorsed by Conservative British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher who adapted it as part of a free-market conservatism closer to the developments in American conservatism, while traditionalist conservatism became less influential within the British Conservative Party.

Market anarchists typically criticize Neoliberal forces for inconsistent or hypocritical application of Neoliberal theory regarding Stamocap ; that in those inconsistencies exist the basis of continued selective state guaranteed privileges for the plutocratic neoliberal elite.

After his first book Corazón Rojo ( Red Heart, 2005 ) where he testifies over his life after the cardiovascular problems, he publishes in 2007 the Prologue of the book La Globalización Neoliberal y sus repercusiones en la educación ( The Neoliberal Globalization and his impact in the education ) from the University teacher and researcher Enrique Díez and in 2008 he publishes El Tiempo y la Memoria ( Time and Memory ) wrote in collaboration with the Cordoban journalist and writer Rafael Martínez Simancas where he manifests his will to keep fighting

Some economists and legal scholars ( e. g. Henry Manne, Milton Friedman, Thomas Sowell, Daniel Fischel, Frank H. Easterbrook ) argue that laws making insider trading illegal should be revoked.

Largely under the influence of the Hungarian-born economists Nicholas Kaldor and Thomas Balogh, an idiosyncratic " Selective Employment Tax " ( SET ) was introduced that was designed to tax employment in the service sectors while subsidising employment in manufacturing ( the rationale proposed by its economist authors derived largely from claims about potential economies of scale and technological progress, but Wilson in his memoirs stressed the tax's revenue-raising potential ).

Notably, classical economists, such as Thomas Malthus, Adam Smith and David Ricardo, did not use the phrase.

Economist Thomas Mayer has argued that Austrian economists have advocated a rejection of scientific methods which involve directly using empirical data in the development of ( falsifiable ) theories ; application of empirical data is fundamental to the scientific method.

Classical economists such as Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo were mainly concerned with factor income distribution, that is, the distribution of income between the main factors of production, land, labour and capital.

Among these economists were Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, and David Ricardo.

Classical economists such as Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo were mainly concerned with factor income distribution, that is, the distribution of income between the main factors of production, land, labour and capital.

The Birmingham School of economists argued an underconsumptionist theory from 1815, and some of the writings of the school's leading member Thomas Attwood contain formulations of the multiplier effect and an income-expenditure model.

Thomas Sowell claimed that, despite its political prominence, no trickle-down theory has ever existed among economists.

The concept of diminishing returns can be traced back to the concerns of early economists such as Johann Heinrich von Thünen, Turgot, James Steuart, Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo.

Regardless of whether the book achieved that goal, it secured, according to Ronald Max Hartwell, Ricardo's position among the great classical economists Adam Smith, Thomas Robert Malthus, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Heinrich Marx.

When, in 1978, after a three-year collaboration, the two economists ' first foray into crime fiction was eventually published by Thomas Horton and Daughters, there was no indication on the book cover as to the true identity of the authors.

" Similarly, economist Thomas DiLorenzo has written that " t was Austrian economists like Mark Thornton.

In Marx's view, Anderson's original model was far superior to the variant later offered by the classical economists Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo since it placed strong emphasis on the possibility of continuing agricultural improvement.

He has debated with economists Milton Friedman and Thomas Sowell.

Dunnell then joined the Department of Epidemiology & Public Health at St Thomas ' Hospital Medical School, working on multi-disciplinary projects alongside doctors, social workers, statisticians and economists, including a major project that measured the cost of caring for people with severe disabilities in the community compared with the cost of caring for them in institutions.

Thomas Sowell, on the other hand, notes that the rise in unemployment had peaked at 9 % two months after the crash, and had fallen to 6. 3 % by June – he blames the later unemployment rate on the tariffs that Hoover passed against the advice of economists in that same month, and says that six months after their implementation unemployment rose to the double digit figures that characterized that decade.

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was appealing to some economists, sociologists and political scientists ( most notably Walter Bagehot and William Graham Sumner ) who adapted and rationalized the invisible hand by incorporating the popular idea of the survival of the fittest.

Several notable historians and economists such as Eric Williams, Walter Rodney and Karl Marx contend that the global capitalist economy was largely founded on the creation and produce of thousands of slave labour camps based in colonial plantations exploiting tens of millions of abducted Africans.

In the postwar years, the ideas of ordoliberalism, developed earlier by economists of the Freiburg School such as Walter Eucken, Franz Böhm, Hans Grossmann-Doerth and Leonhard Miksch drove the creation of the German social market economy and its attendant Wirtschaftswunder.

For example, New York University economist Walter Spahr gave speeches that the League reproduced in pamphlet form, though an attempt to organize a committee of academic economists failed.

The theory was developed from about 1930 – 1950 by German economists and legal scholars from Freiburg School such as Walter Eucken, Franz Böhm, Hans Grossmann-Doerth, Leonhard Miksch and others.

Striking this task force of economists had been urged upon the Pearson government by former Liberal finance minister Walter L. Gordon.