Cyril had both theological and political reasons for attacking Nestorius ; on top of feeling that Nestorianism was an error against true belief, he also wanted to denigrate the head of a competing patriarchate.

The Church of the East was associated with the doctrine of Nestorianism, advanced by Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople from 428 – 431, which emphasized the disunion between the human and divine natures of Jesus.

Cyril argued that Nestorianism split Jesus in half and denied that he was both human and divine.

This was primarily aimed against heresies such as Nestorianism.

The purpose of the condemnation was to make plain that the Imperial, Chalcedonian ( that is, recognizing the hypostatic union of Christ as two natures, one divine and one human, united in one person with neither confusion nor division ) Church was firmly opposed to all those who had either inspired or assisted Nestorius, the eponymous heresiarch of Nestorianism — the proposition that the Christ and Jesus were two separate persons loosely conjoined, somewhat akin to adoptionism, and that the Virgin Mary could not be called the Mother of God ( Gk.

Monophysitism was born in the theological " School of Alexandria ," which began its Christological analysis with the ( divine ) eternal Son or Word of God and sought to explain how this eternal Word had become incarnate as a man -- in contrast to the " School of Antioch " ( birthplace of Nestorianism, the antithesis of Monophysitism ), which instead began with the ( human ) Jesus of the Gospels and sought to explain how this man had become united with the eternal Word in the Incarnation.

After Nestorianism, taught by Nestorius, Archbishop of Constantinople, was rejected at the First Council of Ephesus, Eutyches, an archimandrite at Constantinople, emerged with diametrically opposite views.

Meanwhile, the Non-Chalcedonians accused the Chalcedonians of espousing a form of Nestorianism, a rejected doctrine that held that Jesus Christ was two distinct subsistences.

Meanwhile, Syria and Mesopotamia were divided between Nestorianism and Jacobitism, while the religion of Armenia was wholly Cyrilline Non-Chalcedonian.

The Monothelite position was developed as a compromise between the dyophysitists and the miaphysists, who believed dyophysitism is conceptually indistinguishable from Nestorianism.

Some commentators like Anatolius and John S. Romanides argue that Dioscorus was not deposed for heresy but for " grave administrative errors " at Ephesus II, among which they mention his restoration of Eutyches, his attack on Flavian, and afterwards, his excommunication of Pope Leo I. Defenders of Dioscuros argue that Eutyches was orthodox at the time of his restoration and only later relapsed into heresy, that Flavian was a Nestorian and that Pope Leo had supported Nestorianism.

Severus and his doctrines were anathematized in various councils, while at Alexandria he was gladly welcomed by the patriarch Timotheos III and his other fellow doctrinarists, being generally hailed as the champion of the orthodox faith against the corruptions of Nestorianism.

In order for the marriage to not seem scandalous to the Roman republic the Church proclaimed that " Christ himself sponsored the union and that it therefore should not provoke shock or unjustified suspicions " Most of Marcian and Pulcheria's time as emperors was marked with religious conflict like issues with Nestorianism and the Council of Chalcedon.

In 447 AD he consecrated Irenaeus to the see of Tyre ( Theodoret, Epistle 110 ); but emperor Theodosius II, commanded that the appointment should be annulled on the grounds that Irenaeus was both a digamus and a supporter of Nestorianism.

Most classification schemes list six ( in order of size: Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Anglicanism, Oriental Orthodoxy, and the Church of the East, which was originally referred to as Nestorianism but in modern times is embodied by the Assyrian Church of the East ).

He was educated at Edessa, perhaps in the famous " school of the Persians ," which was afterwards ( in 489 ) expelled from Edessa on account of its connection with Nestorianism.

The Persian kings favoured a movement distasteful to the empire ; and Persia was henceforth the headquarters of Nestorianism.

The most significant result of the synod was the church's official adoption of the doctrine of Nestorianism.

He was a follower of the Nestorian faith ( see: Nestorianism in China ), and became an ascetic monk around the age of 20 and then a religious teacher for decades.

But this acceptance of Nestorianism was limited to only a comparatively small number of their members ( quibusdam paucis monachis, says a contemporary document ), and it could not seriously detract from the praise, given their order, by the Roman Synod of 484:

The Persian patriarch Mar Babai I ( 497 – 502 ) reiterated and expanded upon the church's esteem for Theodore, solidifying the church's adoption of Nestorianism.

The Persian patriarch Mar Babai I ( 497 – 502 ) reiterated and expanded upon the church's esteem for Theodore, solidifying the church's adoption of Nestorianism.

" Both Nestorianism and monophysitism were condemned as heretical at the Council of Chalcedon.

* November 10 – Pope Leo I dies at Rome, age 61 ( approximate ), after a 21-year reign in which he has resisted Manichaeism and defended the Church against Nestorianism.

He first came to notice in 431 at the First Council of Ephesus, for his vehement opposition to the teachings of Nestorius ; his condemnation of Nestorianism as heresy precipitated his being denounced as a heretic himself.

Theologically, the church is associated with the doctrine of Nestorianism, leading to the church also being known as the " Nestorian Church ", though church leadership has at times rejected the Nestorian label.

( For the theological issues at stake, see Assyrian Church of the East and Nestorianism.

He almost at once openly united himself with the Acephali, repudiating his own baptism and his baptizer, and even the Christian church itself as infected with Nestorianism ( Labbe, u. s .).

A synod held at Beth Edrai under the presidency of Acacius in 485 entrenched Nestorianism within the Church of the East.

" Before Islamization of the region, the inhabitants of Khorasan had mostly practiced Zoroastrianism but at different stages there were also various adherents of Manichaeism, Sun worshippers ( Mithraism ), Nestorianism, Paganism, Shamanism, Buddhism and a small number of Jews too.

William of Rubruck, who encountered many Nestorians during his stay at Mongke Khan's court and at Karakorum in 1254-1255, notes that the so-called " Nestorianism " in Mongolia was tainted by shamanism and Manicheism and very confused in terms of liturgy.

The form of Christianity often called Nestorianism but better described as the Church of the East spread widely across the continent of Asia following the banishment and condemnation of Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople, at the Council of Ephesus in 431.

After the defeat of Nestorianism at the First Council of Ephesus in 431, the use of theotokia during the course of the Divine Services gradually increased.

After the Council of Ephesus had condemned Nestorianism, there remained a conflict between Patriarchs John of Antioch and Cyril of Alexandria.

# Council of Ephesus ( 431 ) repudiated Nestorianism, proclaimed the Virgin Mary as the Theotokos (" Birth-giver to God ", " God-bearer ", " Mother of God "), repudiated Pelagianism, and reaffirmed the Nicene Creed. This and all the following councils in this list are not recognized by the Assyrian Church of the East.

* June – First Council of Ephesus: Nestorianism is rejected, the Nicene creed is declared to be complete.

* Persian Christians who follow Nestorianism gather in the second Council of Seleucia ( modern Turkey ).

* Nestorianism, a Christological doctrine developed by Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople, condemned as heresy by the Council of Ephesus in 431

The Council of Ehesus debated hyposthasis ( co-existing natures ) versus Monophysitism ( only one nature ) versus Miaphysitism ( two natures united as one ) versus Nestorianism ( disunion of two natures ).

The latter deny this charge, arguing that they reject both the Monophysitism of Eutyches, whom they consider a heretic, as well as Dyophysitism espoused by the Council of Chalcedon, which they equate with Nestorianism, for a doctrine they term miaphysitism, or that in Jesus Christ, divinity and humanity exist as " one divinized nature " ( physis ), as opposed to the orthodox Chalcedonian teaching of a divine nature ( physis ) and a human nature ( physis ) united in in the one person ( hypostasis ) of Jesus Christ, fully God and fully man, with neither confusion nor division, a doctrine called the " hypostatic union ".

In 431 CE the Council of Ephesus declared Nestorianism to be a heresy.