The opponents of Nestorius attacked his Theodore's school of Diodorus as well, and the Syrians answered by giving protection to the followers of Nestorius.

Celestine found that the title Theotokos was orthodox, and authorized Cyril to ask Nestorius to recant.

Nestorius sought to defend himself at the First Council of Ephesus in 431, but instead he found himself formally condemned for heresy by a majority of the bishops and subsequently removed from his see.

The Council denounced Nestorius ' teaching as erroneous and decreed that Jesus was one person, not two separate people: complete God and complete man, with a rational soul and body.

* In 431 the Churches that accepted the teaching of the First Council of Ephesus ( which condemned the views of Nestorius ) classified as heretics those who rejected the Council's statements.

Maximus's zeal for the orthodox faith receives warm commendation from Leo, who exhorts him as consors apostolicae sedis to maintain the doctrine founded by St. Peter speciali magisterio in the cities of Antioch and Rome, against the erroneous teaching both of Nestorius and Eutyches, and to watch over the churches of the East generally and keep Leo informed about events.

Of Jacob's prose works, which are not nearly so numerous, the most interesting are his letters, which throw light upon some of the events of his time and reveal his attachment to the Monophysite doctrine which was then struggling for supremacy in the Syrian churches, and particularly at Edessa, over the opposite teaching of Nestorius.

72 ), that had Theodore been still alive and openly approved of the teaching of Nestorius, he ought undoubtedly to have been anathematized ; but as he was dead, it was enough to condemn the errors of his books, having regard to the terrible disturbances more extreme measures would excite in the East.

Cyril of Alexandria considered Nestorius ' doctrine to be contrary to Orthodox teaching, and encouraged measures to condemn it.

The adoption of Nestorius ' teaching, who had been condemned at the First Council of Ephesus in 431, effectively separated the Church of the East from the Byzantine church.

After the Nestorian Schism, when the teaching of Nestorius were branded heretical at the First Council of Ephesus in 431, the School of Edessa in Mesopotamia was closed for its Nestorian teachings, and moved to its original home in Nisibis, in the Sassanid Empire.

Nestorius spoke of the distinct ' Jesus the man ' and ' the divine Logos ' in ways that Cyril thought were too dichotomous, widening the ontological gap between man and God in a way that some of his contemporaries believed would annihilate the person of Christ.

McGuckin ascribes Nestorius ' importance to his being the representative of the Antiochene tradition and characterizes him as a " consistent, if none too clear, exponent of the longstanding Antiochene dogmatic tradition.

The papal legates refused to attend the second session at which several more orthodox bishops were deposed, including Ibas of Edessa, Irenaeus of Tyre ( a close personal friend of Nestorius ), Domnus of Antioch, and Theodoret.

Theodoret was determined to preserve the peace of the Church by seeking the adoption of a formula avoiding the unconditional condemnation of Nestorius, and toward the close of 434 strove earnestly for the reconciliation between the Eastern churches.

However, Nestorius actually was concerned that the " Theotokos " cult was dangerously close to venerating Mary as a goddess.

To Proclus the matter appeared so serious that towards the close of 437 he wrote to John I of Antioch, as the leading prelate of the East, though really having no canonical jurisdiction over Osrhoene, begging him to persuade Ibas, if innocent, to remove the scandal by condemning publicly certain propositions chiefly drawn from Theodore's writings against the errors of Nestorius.

Later he was a priest in Constantinople in the close circle of John Chrysostom, and he was a candidate for the patriarchate of Constantinople against Sisinnius ( 425 ), Nestorius ( 428 ), and Maximianus ( 431 ).

Predictably, the Council ordered the deposition and exile of Nestorius for heresy.

The council accused Nestorius of heresy, and deposed him as patriarch.

* Nestorius, archbishop of Constantinople, father of Nestorian heresy

Nestorius himself had requested that the Emperor convene council, hoping to prove his orthodoxy, but in the end his teachings were condemned by the council as heresy.

Eusebius, a layman who later became the bishop of the neighbouring Dorylaeum was the first to accuse Nestorius of heresy but his most forceful opponent however was Patriarch Cyril of Alexandria.

Cyril appealed to Pope Celestine I, charging Nestorius with heresy.

On 19 November, Nestorius, anticipating the ultimatum which was about to be delivered, convinced Emperor Theodosius II to summon a general council through which Nestorius hoped to convict Cyril of heresy and thereby vindicate his own teachings.

Eusebius, a layman who later became the bishop of the neighbouring Dorylaeum was the first to accuse Nestorius of heresy but his most forceful opponent however was Patriarch Cyril of Alexandria.

In the Bazaar, written towards the end of his life, Nestorius denies the heresy for which he was condemned and instead affirms of Christ " the same one is twofold " – an expression that some consider similar to the formulation of the Council of Chalcedon.

* Nestorianism, a Christological doctrine developed by Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople, condemned as heresy by the Council of Ephesus in 431

He first came to notice in 431 at the First Council of Ephesus, for his vehement opposition to the teachings of Nestorius ; his condemnation of Nestorianism as heresy precipitated his being denounced as a heretic himself.

In the letter, Nestorius is severely censured for refusing the title Theotokos to the Virgin Mary, and Ibas accuses Cyril of Apollinarianism, and denounces the heresy of his 12 chapters, charging him with maintaining the perfect identity of the manhood and Godhead in Christ, and denying the Catholic doctrine of the union of two Natures in One Person.

i. 2 ) that Nestorius, on his way from Antioch to Constantinople ( AD 428 ), took counsel with Theodore and received from him the seeds of heresy which he shortly afterwards scattered with such disastrous results.

He defended Nestorius against Saint Cyril when the former was charged with heresy, though was not himself present at the Council of Ephesus.

There he provided the moral support that Saint Cyril needed to defeat the heresy of Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople.

Eusebius of Dorylaeum went so far as to accuse Nestorius of adoptionism.

The purpose of the condemnation was to make plain that the Imperial, Chalcedonian ( that is, recognizing the hypostatic union of Christ as two natures, one divine and one human, united in one person with neither confusion nor division ) Church was firmly opposed to all those who had either inspired or assisted Nestorius, the eponymous heresiarch of Nestorianism — the proposition that the Christ and Jesus were two separate persons loosely conjoined, somewhat akin to adoptionism, and that the Virgin Mary could not be called the Mother of God ( Gk.

* 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt.

* 428 – Nestorius becomes Patriarch of Constantinople.

Nestorianism is a Christological doctrine advanced by Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople from 428 – 431.

However, a number of churches, particularly those associated with the School of Edessa, supported Nestorius – though not necessarily his doctrine – and broke with the churches of the West.

The Church of the East was associated with the doctrine of Nestorianism, advanced by Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople from 428 – 431, which emphasized the disunion between the human and divine natures of Jesus.

* April 10 – Nestorius is made patriarch of Constantinople.

* August 3 – Emperor Theodosius II exiles Nestorius, archbishop of Constantinople, to a monastery in the Libyan desert at the behest of his sister Pulcheria.

Nestorius (; in Greek: Νεστόριος ; 386 – 451 ) was Archbishop of Constantinople from 10 April 428 to August 431 ( when the emperor Theodosius II confirmed his condemnation by the Cyrillian faction at Ephesus on 22 June ).

** Nestorius ( c. 386 – c. 451 ), Patriarch of Constantinople, 428-431

Nestorius ' rejection of the term Theotokos (' God-bearer ', or ' Mother of God ') has traditionally been held as evidence that he asserted the existence of two persons – not merely two natures – in Jesus Christ, but there exists no evidence that Nestorius denied Christ's oneness.

* Seleznyov, Nikolai N., " Nestorius of Constantinople: Condemnation, Suppression, Veneration, With special reference to the role of his name in East-Syriac Christianity " in: Journal of Eastern Christian Studies 62: 3 – 4 ( 2010 ): 165 – 190.

On the death of Sisinnius, the famous Nestorius succeeded as Archbishop of Constantinople ( 428 – 431 ), and early in 429, on a festival of the Theotokos ( Virgin Mary ), Proclus preached his celebrated sermon on the Incarnation, which was later inserted in the beginning of the Acts of the Council of Ephesus.

Other famous residents of the early Christian period in the city ’ s history include Saint Auxentius ( d. 360 ), and Theodore, bishop from 392 – 428, the teacher of Nestorius.

The doctrine of Nestorianism is associated with Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople 428 – 431.

The normative Christology of the Assyrian church was written by Babai the Great ( 551 – 628 ) and is clearly distinct from the accusations directed toward Nestorius.

The normative Christology of the Assyrian church was written by Babai the Great ( 551 – 628 ) and is clearly distinct from the accusations directed toward Nestorius: his main christological work is called the ' Book of the Union ', and in it Babai teaches that the two qnome ( essences, or hypostases ) are unmingled but everlastingly united in the one parsopa ( personality ) of Christ.

# Theological History of the Doctrine of the Incarnation – The Human and Divine Nature of Christ – Enmity of the Patriarchs of Alexandria and Constantinople – St. Cyril and Nestorius – Third General Council of Ephesus – Heresy of Eutyches – Fourth General Council of Chalcedon – Civil and Ecclesiastical Discord – Intolerance of Justinian – The Three Chapters – The Monothelite Controversy – State of the Oriental Sects – I.