Genetics, and especially the physical and physiological nature of the gene, was becoming a central topic in biology, and x-ray mutagenesis was a key to many recent advances, among them George Beadle and Edward Tatum's work on Neurospora that established the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis.

The first intein was discovered in 1988 through sequence comparison between the Neurospora crassa and carrot vacuolar ATPase ( without intein ) and the homologous gene in yeast ( with intein ) that was first described as a putative calcium ion transporter.

Their hypothesis was later elaborated to enzyme pathways by Norman Horowitz, also working on Neurospora.

Most famously Neurospora crassa, several species of yeasts, and Aspergillus species are used in many genetics and cell biology studies.

Asci, notably those of Neurospora crassa, have been used in laboratories for studying the process of meiosis, because the four cells produced by meiosis line up in regular order.

Neurospora is actively used in research around the world.

Genes may be silenced by DNA methylation during meiosis, as in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa.

Analysis of genetic recombination is facilitated by the ordered arrangement of the products of meiosis in Neurospora ascospores.

Work on the poky strain of the mold Neurospora crassa begun by Mary and Hershel Mitchell ultimately led to the discovery of genetic material in mitochondria as well.

* George Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum publish " Genetic Control of Biochemical Reactions in Neurospora " which shows that specific genes code for specific proteins.

Together they began the study of the development of eye pigment in Drosophila which later led to the work on the biochemistry of the genetics of the fungus Neurospora for which Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum were together awarded the 1958 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.

This became integral to the work of Beadle and Tatum, who were working with Neurospora, and from this research developed the ' one gene, one enzyme ' hypothesis.

Beadle and Tatum's key experiments involved exposing the bread mold Neurospora crassa to x-rays, causing mutations.

Beadle and Tatum's key experiments involved exposing the bread mold Neurospora crassa to x-rays, causing mutations.

They also conducted a variety of mid-deck experiments, including the Microgravity Disturbance Experiment ( MDE ) using the Fluids Experiment Apparatus ( FEA ), Protein Crystal Growth ( PCG ), American Flight Echocardiograph ( AFE ), Latitude / Longitude Locator ( L3 ), Mesoscale Lightning Experiment ( MLE ), Characterization of Neurospora Circadian Rhythms ( CNCR ) and the IMAX camera.

They also operated a variety of middeck experiments including the Microgravity Disturbance Experiment ( MDE ) using the Fluids Experiment Apparatus ( FEA ), Protein Crystal Growth ( PCG ), American Flight Echocardiograph ( AFE ), Latitude / Longitude Locator ( L3 ), Mesoscale Lightning Experiment ( MLE ), Characterization of Neurospora Circadian Rhythms ( CNCR ), and the IMAX Camera.

Simple sequence repeats provide a substrate for phenotypic variation in the Neurospora crassa circadian clock.

Strains and other materials for working with Neurospora are available from the

The fungus Neurospora, which exists today, retains this clock-regulated mechanism.

The ability to evaluate other important phenomena in a DNA methylase-deficient genetic background makes Neurospora an important system in which to study DNA methylation.

In some fungi, such as Neurospora crassa, spermatia are identical to microconidia as they can perform both functions of fertilization as well as giving rise to new organisms without fertilization.

Many other pro-and eukaryotic organisms ( in particular, fungi such as Neurospora ) express rhodopsin ion pumps or sensory rhodopsins of yet-unknown function.

Under the mentorship of Francis J. Ryan, he conducted biochemical and genetic studies on the bread mold Neurospora crassa.

The WICGR has also sequenced the genomes of Ciona savignyi, the pufferfish, the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa and multiple relatives of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one of the most studied yeasts.

Neurospora crassa is a type of red bread mould of the phylum Ascomycota.

Although brewers ' yeast ( Saccharomyces ) and fission yeast ( Schizosaccharomyces ) have very little DNA methylation, the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa has a well-characterized methylation system.

Several genes control methylation in Neurospora and mutation of the DNA methyl transferase, dim-2, eliminates all DNA methylation but does not affect growth or sexual reproduction.

While the Neurospora genome has very little repeated DNA, half of the methylation occurs in repeated DNA including transposon relics and centromeric DNA.

It was a trick they used to try and conceal their identity when they followed trucks to check their speed.

There was a shattering, cracking sound as the concrete started to buckle, the air filled with dust and flying debris, and everyone in the room -- men and women hit the floor and used the desks as turtlebacks, as ordered.

He went to Key West every fall and winter and was the only man in town who did not know that his title of `` Commodore '' was never used without irony.

He said, lapsing into the profanity he often used when away from his parents and especially when he was with Charles.

The last point was soon to be included in the `` seditious '' remarks used against him in Parliament.

The governor was not used to having his integrity questioned, and he promptly passed the charges on to Woodruff, demanding that Woodruff answer them.

His accomplishments, and the fact that he was resident, did much to offset the unkind words travelers used to describe Little Rock after a visit there.

It was going to be hard going all the way because he hadn't written seriously for a while, except for a few stories, was tired of the old method of realismo he had so successfully used in The Sky Is Red.

Gloria ( surname: Ziraldo ), circa 30, who was born in Italy and once did `` chorus work '' in Toronto, has been around longer than most of the others, wistfully remembers the old days when `` we used to get the seamen from the ships, you know, with big turtleneck sweaters and handkerchiefs and all.

This, of course, was the sort of thing that used to take place in Southern cities -- putting white houses of prostitution with colored girls in colored neighborhoods and carrying them on openly.

It was a word he was proud of, a word that meant much to him, and he used it with great pleasure, almost as if it were an exclusive possession, and more: he sensed himself to be very highly educated, four cuts above any of the folks back home.

He had ridden hard from Boston, and he was not used to horseback.

It was just me and Eileen getting drunk together like we used to in the old days, and me staring at her across the table crazy to get my hands on her partly because I wanted to wring her neck because she was so ornery but mostly because she was so wonderful to touch.

Bicycle gear-sets he had once used as the basis of the design for the Camden Cycly Company plant hung on a rope in one corner, and over his desk, next to several old and dusty hats, was a clean pair of roller skates which he occasionally used up and down in front of his house.

A wall-stabilized high-current arc source was constructed and used to study transition probabilities of atomic hydrogen and oxygen.

It was determined that the hours of sunrise and sunset, respectively, should be used for this purpose.

When he showed this model as his `` solution '' as to how the Howe sewing machine operated, he was told he was `` wrong '', and discovered to his amazement that the Howe Machine, which was unknown to him in detail, used two threads while the one that he had perfected used only one.